What is Protamine?

Information about Protamine

protamine 1
Identifiers
SymbolPRM1
Entrez5619
HUGO9447
OMIM182880
RefSeqNM_002761
UniProtP04553
Other data
LocusChr. 16 p13.13
protamine 2
Identifiers
SymbolPRM2
Entrez5620
HUGO9448
OMIM182890
RefSeqNM_002762
UniProtP04554
Other data
LocusChr. 16 p13.13
Protamines are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace histones late in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis and are believed essential for sperm head condensation and DNA stabilization.

Function

When mixed with insulin, protamines slow down the onset and increase the duration of insulin action (see NPH insulin).

Protamine sulfate is an antidote for heparin.

Examples

Mice, humans, and certain fish have 2 or more different protamines, whereas the sperm of bull, boar, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, and ram have one form of protamine.

Human

The 2 human protamines are denoted PRM1 and PRM2.

Fish

Examples of protamines from fish are:

External links

 •  • [ e]
Antidotes (V03AB)
Ipecacuanha - Nalorphine - Edetates - Oximes (Pralidoxime, Obidoxime) - Prednisolone/promethazine - Thiosulfate - Sodium nitrite - Dimercaprol - Protamine - Naloxone - Ethanol - Methylthioninium chloride - Potassium permanganate - Physostigmine - Copper sulfate - Potassium iodide - Amyl nitrite - Acetylcysteine - Digitalis antitoxin - Flumazenil - Methionine - 4-Dimethylaminophenol - Cholinesterase - Prussian blue - Glutathione - Hydroxocobalamin - Fomepizole
The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
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Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

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The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988.
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Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
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locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
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The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
..... Read more.
Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

Hugo is one of the most popular names in Europe ranking as high as #2 in France, #6 in Spain, and #7 in Belgium in 2006.
..... Read more.
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988.
..... Read more.
Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
..... Read more.
locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
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Arginine (abbreviated as Arg or R)[1] is an α-amino acid. The L -form is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. Its codons are CGU, CGC, CGA and CGG.
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Nuclear means relating to some sort of nucleus or center. It may refer to:

In nuclear physics/chemistry: relating to the atomic nucleus
  • Nuclear reaction, a process in which two nuclei or nuclear particles collide to produce products different from the initial

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Proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues.
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histones are the chief protein components of chromatin. They act as spools around which DNA winds, and they play a role in gene regulation.

Classes

Six major histone classes are known:
* H1 (sometimes called the linker histone; also related to Histone H5.

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which male spermatogonia develop into mature spermatozoa. Spermatozoa are the mature male gametes, in many sexually reproducing organisms. Thus, spermatogenesis is the male version of gametogenesis.
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sperm is derived from the word spermos (meaning "seed") and refers to the male reproductive cells. Sperm cells are the smaller gametes involved in fertilization.
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''Note: This article title may be easily confused with inulin.


Insulin is an animal hormone whose presence informs the body's cells that the animal is well fed, causing liver and muscle cells to take in glucose and store it in the form of glycogen, and
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Neutral Protamine Hagedorn was created in 1946 when Nordisk formulated "isophane" porcine insulin by adding Neutral Protamine Hagedorn or NPH.

This is a suspension of crystalline zinc insulin combined with the positively charged polypeptide, protamine.
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Protamine sulfate is a drug that reverses the anticoagulant effects of heparin by binding to it.

Protamine was formerly isolated from the sperm of various fish, but is now produced through recombinant biotechnology. It is a highly cationic peptide.
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Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule.[1]
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Salmon is the common name for several species of fish of the family Salmonidae. Several other fish in the family are called trout. Salmon live in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as the Great Lakes and other land locked lakes.
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worldwide view of the subject.
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Herring

Atlantic Herring


Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia
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O. mykiss

Binomial name
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Walbaum, 1792

Subspecies
See text.
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), also called the redband trout
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Tuna are several species of ocean-dwelling fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. Some tuna are able to inhabit freshwater environs as well. Tunas are fast swimmers—they have been clocked at 77 km/h (48 mph)—and include several species that
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Acipenser
Linnaeus, 1758

Species

See text.
Sturgeon is a term for a genus of fish (Acipenser) of which 26 species are known.
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dogfish is applied to a number of small sharks found in the northeast Atlantic, Pacific, and Mediterranean, especially those in the three families Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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An antidote is a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning.

Sometimes, the antidote for a particular toxin is manufactured by injecting the toxin into an animal in small doses and the resulting antibodies are extracted from the animals' blood.
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P. ipecacuanha

Binomial name
Psychotria ipecacuanha

Ipecacuanha (Psychotria ipecacuanha
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