Information about List Of The Monarchs Of The Kingdom Of England
For the various rulers of the kingdoms within England prior to its formal unification, during the Heptarchy, see Bretwalda. For a comprehensive list of English, Scottish, and British monarchs, see List of monarchs in the British Isles.
"Monarchy of England", "King of England", and "Queen of England" redirect here. For an overview of the system itself, see British monarchy and Constitutional monarchy in the United Kingdom.
This is a list of the monarchs of England. Traditionally, the first monarch of England is listed as Egbert, Bretwalda from 829, though the kingdom was not permanently unified until 927, under Athelstan. Union with Wales was enacted in 1536, and with Scotland in 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Since that date the title King (or Queen) of England has been technically incorrect, though has remained in wide usage to the present day. The subsequent union with Ireland in 1801 was amended in 1922, and the current full name of the state is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
English monarchs
House of Wessex
The following list starts with Egbert, King of Wessex from 802, the first King of Wessex to have overlordship over much of England.[1] He defeated the Mercians and became Bretwalda in 829. Permanent unity was not achieved until 927, under Athelstan.| Monarch | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egbert (Ecgberht) 802-839 | ) | c.775 son of Ealhmund of Kent | Redburga 800 3 children | 4 February 839 aged about 64[2] |
| Ethelwulf (Æþelwulf) 5 February 839-855 | ) | Aachen son of Egbert and Redburga | (1) Osburga 6 children (2) Judith of Flanders 1 October 853 no children | 13 January 855 age unknown[3] |
| Ethelbald (Æþelbald) 14 January 855-860 | c.831 son of Ethelwulf and Osburga | Judith of Flanders no children | 20 December 860 aged about 29[4] | |
| Ethelbert (Æþelberht) 21 December 860-866 | ) | c.835 son of Ethelwulf and Osburga | unknown 2 children | 866 aged about 31[5] |
| Ethelred (Æþelræd) 866-871 | ) | c.837 son of Ethelwulf and Osburga | Wulfrida 868 2 children | 23 April 871 aged about 34[6] |
| Alfred the Great (Ælfræd) 24 April 871–899[7] | ) | c.849 Wantage son of Ethelwulf and Osburga[8] | Ealhswith Winchester 868 6 children[9] | 26 October 899 aged about 50[9] |
| Edward the Elder (Eadweard) 27 October 899–924[10] | ) | c.871-877 son of Alfred the Great and Ealhswith[11] | (1) Ecgwynn 893 3 children (2) Aelffaed c.902 10 children (3) Edgiva of Kent 905 4 children[12] | 17 July 924 Farndon, Cheshire aged about 50[12] |
| Elfward (Ælfweard) 18 July - 2 August 924 | No image or coin of Elfward exists | c.902 son of Edward the Elder and Aelffaed | unmarried | 2 August 924 aged about 22 |
| Athelstan (Æþelstan) 3 August 924–939[13] | ) | 895 son of Edward the Elder and Ecgwynn[14] | unmarried[14] | 27 October 939 aged about 44[14] |
| Edmund the Magnificent (Eadmund) 28 October 939–946[15] | ) | c.921 son of Edward the Elder and Edgiva of Kent[15] | (1) Elgiva 3 children (2) Ethelfleda 946 no children[16] | 26 May 946 Pucklechurch aged about 25 (murdered)[15] |
| Edred (Eadred) 27 May 946–955[17] | ) | c.923 son of Edward the Elder and Edgiva of Kent[18] | unmarried[18] | 23 November 955 Frome aged about 32[19] |
| Edwy the Fair (Eadwig) 24 November 955–959[20] | ) | c.940 son of Edmund the Magnificent and Elgiva[21] | Elgiva[21] | 1 October 959 aged about 19[21] |
| Edgar the Peaceable (Eadgar) 2 October 959–975[22] | ) | c.943 Wessex son of Edmund the Magnificent and Elgiva[23] | (1) Ethelflaed c.960 1 son (2) Wulfthryh 1 daughter (3) Elfrida c.964[23] 2 sons | 8 July 975 Winchester aged about 32[24] |
| St. Edward the Martyr (Eadweard) 9 July 975–978[25] | c.962 son of Edgar the Peaceable and Ethelflaed[26] | unmarried | 18 March 978 Corfe Castle aged about 16 (assassinated)[26] | |
| Ethelred the Unready (Æþelræd Unræd) 19 March 978–1016[27] | ) | c.968 son of Edgar the Peaceable and Elfrida[28] | (1) Ælflaed of Northumbria 4 children (2) Aelgifu 991 6 children (3) Emma of Normandy 1002 3 children[29] | 23 April 1016 London aged about 48[29] |
| Edmund Ironside (Eadmund) 24 April Р30 November 1016[30] | ) | c.993 son of Ethelred the Unready and ̠lflaed of Northumbria[30] | Edith of East Anglia 2 children[31] | 30 November 1016 Glastonbury aged about 23[30][30] |
House of Denmark
England came under the rule of Danish kings following the disastrous reign of Ethelred the Unready. Some, though not all, of these were also kings of Denmark.| Monarch | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweyn Forkbeard (Svend Tjugeskæg) 25 December 1013–1014[32] | ) | c.960 son of Harald Bluetooth and Gunild[33] | (1) Gunhilda (2) Sigrid[33] | 3 February 1014 aged about 54[33] |
| Canute (Knud) 1 December 1016–1035[34] | ) | c.995 son of Sweyn Forkbeard[34] | (1) Aelgifu of Northampton 2 children (2) Emma of Normandy 1017[34] | 12 November 1035 Shaftesbury aged about 40[34] |
| Harold Harefoot (Harald) 25 November 1035–1040[35] | ) | c.1015 son of Canute and Aelgifu of Northampton[35] | unknown | 17 March 1040 Oxford aged about 25[35] |
| Harthacanute (Hardeknud) 18 June 1040–1042[36] | ) | 1018 son of Canute and Emma of Normandy[37] | unknown | 8 June 1042 Lambeth aged about 24[37] |
House of Wessex (restored)
''The old West Saxon line was restored, but Edward the Confessor, who was later canonised, was more Norman than English in his sympathies.| Monarch | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. Edward the Confessor (Eadweard) 9 June 1042–1066[38] | ) | c.1002 Islip, Oxfordshire son of Ethelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy[38] | Edith of Wessex 23 January 1045 no children[39] | 4 January 1066 aged about 63[38] |
| Harold Godwinson (Harold Godwinesson) 5 January – 14 October 1066[40] | ) | c.1020 son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex and Gytha Thorkelsdóttir[41] | (1) Ealdgyth Swan-neck (2) Aldgyth[42] | 14 October 1066 Senlac Hill (Now known as Battle, East Sussex) aged about 46[42] |
| Edgar the Atheling (Eadgar Æþeling) 15 October – 10 December 1066[43] | No image or coin of Edgar exists | c.1054 Hungary[43] son of Edward the Exile[43] | unknown | c.1125 aged about 71[43] |
House of Normandy
It was only after the Norman Conquest of 1066 that monarchs took regnal numbers in the French fashion, though the earlier custom of distinguishing monarchs by nicknames did not die out immediately.)
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House of Plantagenet
The early Plantagenets ruled many territories in France, and did not regard England as their primary home until after most of their French possessions were lost by King John. This long-lived dynasty is usually divided into three houses.Angevins
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Lancastrians
| Monarch | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henry IV, Bolingbroke 30 September 1399–1413[73] | ) | 3 April 1367 Bolingbroke Castle son of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster[74] | (1) Mary de Bohun 1380[75] 6 children[75] (2) Joanna of Navarre 7 February 1403 no children[76] | 20 March 1413 Westminster aged 45[76] |
| Henry V 20 March 1413–1422[77] | ) | 9 August 1387 Monmouth son of Henry IV and Mary de Bohun[78] | Catherine of Valois 2 June 1420 1 son[78] | 31 August 1422 Vincennes aged 35[78] |
| Henry VI 31 August 1422 – 4 March 1461 5 October 1470 – 11 April 1471[79] | ) | 6 December 1421 Windsor Castle son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois[79] | Margaret of Anjou Titchfield Abbey 23 April 1445 1 son[80] | 22 May 1471 Tower of London aged 49 (murdered)[79] |
Yorkists
| Monarch | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edward IV 4 March 1461 – 2 October 1470 11 April 1471–1483[81] | 28 April 1442 Rouen son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville[82] | Elizabeth Woodville Grafton Regis 1 May 1464 10 children[83] | 9 April 1483 Westminster aged 40[83] | |
| Edward V 9 April–25 June 1483[84] | 2 November 1470 Westminster son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville[84] | unmarried | ?September 1483 ?Tower of London aged ?12 (traditionally murdered)[84] | |
| Richard III 26 June 1483–1485[85] | ) | 2 October 1452 Fotheringhay Castle fourth son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville[86] | Anne Neville 12 July 1472 1 son[87] | 22 August 1485 Bosworth Field aged 32 (killed in battle)[87] |
House of Tudor
''The Tudors were of partial Welsh ancestry, and in 1536 Wales was fully incorporated into the English state (having been under English control since 1284). With Henry VIII's break from the Roman Catholic Church the monarch became the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Elizabeth I's title became the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.)
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House of Stuart
Following the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 without issue, the Scottish king, James VI, succeeded to the English throne as James I in what became known as the Union of the Crowns. In 1604 he adopted the title King of Great Britain'', although the two kingdoms remained separate.| Monarch | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| James I 24 March 1603–1625[98] | ) | 19 June 1566 Edinburgh Castle son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary, Queen of Scots[98] | Anne of Denmark Oslo 23 November 1589 8 children[99] | 27 March 1625 Theobalds House aged 58[98] |
| Charles I 27 March 1625–1649[100] | ) | 19 November 1600 Dunfermline Palace son of James I and Anne of Denmark[100] | Henrietta Maria of France Canterbury 13 June 1625 9 children[101] | 30 January 1649 London aged 48 (executed)[100] |
Commonwealth
There was no reigning monarch between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the Restoration of Charles II in 1660. Despite this, from 1653 the following individuals held power as Lords Protector, during the period known as the Protectorate.| Monarch | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oliver Cromwell 16 December 1653–1658[102] | ) | 25 April 1599 Huntingdon son of Robert Cromwell and Elizabeth Stewart[103] | Elizabeth Bourchier London 22 August 1620[103] 9 children[104] | 3 September 1658 Whitehall aged 59[103] |
| Richard Cromwell 3 September 1658 – 7 May 1659[105] | ) | 4 October 1626 son of Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier[103] | Dorothy Maijor 1649 9 children | 12 July 1712 Cheshunt aged 85[103] |
House of Stuart (restored)
Although the monarchy was restored in 1660, no stable settlement proved possible until the Glorious Revolution of 1688, when parliament finally asserted the right to choose whomsoever it pleased as monarch.| Monarch | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charles II 8 May 1660–1685[106] | ) | 29 May 1630 London son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France[106] | Catherine of Braganza Portsmouth 21 May 1662 no children | 6 February 1685 Westminster aged 55 |
| James II 6 February 1685 – 23 December 1688[107] | ) | 14 October 1633 St. James's Palace son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France | (1) Anne Hyde London 3 September 1660 8 children (2) Mary of Modena Dover 1673 7 children | 5 September 1701 France aged 67 |
| William III 13 February 1689–1702[108] | .jpg')) | 4 November 1650 The Hague son of William II, Prince of Orange and Mary Stuart | St James's Palace 4 November 1677 no children[108] | 8 March 1702 Kensington aged 51 |
| Mary II 13 February 1689–1694[108] | ) | 30 April 1662 St James's Palace daughter of James II and Anne Hyde | 28 December 1694 Kensington aged 32 | |
| Anne 8 March 1702-1707 Great Britain 1 May 1707-1714 | 6 February 1665 St James's Palace daughter of James II and Anne Hyde | George of Denmark St James's Palace 28 July 1683 17 children | 1 August 1714 Kensington aged 49 |
Go to List of British monarchs for the continuation of this list.
England and Scotland entered into legislative and governmental union on 1 May 1707 under the Acts of Union 1707, though retained separate legal systems and other trappings of statehood.
Titles
The standard title for all monarchs from Alfred the Great until the time of King John was Rex Anglorum ("King of the English"). In addition, many of the pre-Norman kings assumed extra titles, as follows:- Alfred the Great: Rex Angulsaxonum and Rex Anglorum et Saxonum
- Athelstan: Rex Anglorum per omnipatrantis dexteram totius Bryttaniæ regni solio sublimatus
- Edmund the Magnificent: Rex Britanniae and Rex Anglorum caeterarumque gentium gobernator et rector
- Edred: Regis qui regimina regnorum Angulsaxna, Norþhymbra, Paganorum, Brettonumque
- Edwy the Fair: Rex nutu Dei Angulsæxna et Northanhumbrorum imperator paganorum gubernator Breotonumque propugnator
- Edgar the Peaceable: Totius Albionis finitimorumque regum basileus
- Canute: Rex Anglorum totiusque Brittannice orbis gubernator et rector and Brytannie totius Anglorum monarchus
Notes and references
1. ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
2. ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
3. ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
4. ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
5. ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
6. ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
7. ^ Alfred (the Great) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.
8. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Alfred the Great. URL last accessed 14 March 2007.
9. ^ Alfred the Great. URL last accessed 14 March 2007.
10. ^ EADWEARD (Edward the Elder) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed on 15 March 2007.
11. ^ There are various references listing Edward the Elder's birth as sometime in the 870s, being the second child of a marriage of 868. There are no sources listing his birth as after 877. Anglo-Saxons.net : Edward the Elder. URL last accessed on 15 March 2007.
12. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward the Elder. URL last accessed on 21 January 2007.
13. ^ Aethelstan @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.
14. ^ EBK: Aethelstan, King of the English. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.
15. ^ EADMUND (Edmund) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
16. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund the Elder. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
17. ^ EADRED (Edred) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
18. ^ EBK: Edred, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
19. ^ BritRoyals - King Edred. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
20. ^ EADWIG (Edwy) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
21. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Edwy. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
22. ^ EADGAR (Edgar the Peacemaker) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
23. ^ EBK: Edgar the Peacemaker, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
24. ^ The Atheling. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
25. ^ EADWEARD (Edward the Martyr) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
26. ^ EBK: Edward the Martyr, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
27. ^ Ethelred the Unready was forced to go into exile in the summer of 1013, following Danish attacks, but was invited back following Sweyn Forkbeard's death. AETHELRED (the Unready) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
28. ^ Schoolnet Spartacus: Ethelred. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
29. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Ethelred II, the Redeless. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
30. ^ EADMUND (Edmund the Ironside) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
31. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund Ironside. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
32. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Sweyn Forkbeard. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
33. ^ SWEYN (Forkbeard) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
34. ^ CNUT (Canute) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
35. ^ Harold was only recognised as king north of the River Thames until 1037, after which he was recognised as king of all England. HAROLD (Harefoot) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
36. ^ HARTHACNUT @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
37. ^ BritRoyals - King Harthacnut. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
38. ^ EADWEARD (Edward the Confessor) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
39. ^ Channel 4: Monarchy - Edith. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
40. ^ HAROLD (Godwinesson) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 22 March 2007.
41. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Harold II Godwineson. URL last accessed 22 March 2007.
42. ^ BritRoyals - King Harold II. URL last accessed 22 March 2007.
43. ^ After ruling for approximately 8 weeks, Edgar the Atheling submitted to William the Conqueror, who had gained control of the country. EADGAR (Edgar the Ætheling) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 22 March 2007
44. ^ WILLIAM I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
45. ^ William the Conqueror. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
46. ^ WILLIAM II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
47. ^ William II. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
48. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - William II Rufus. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
49. ^ HENRY I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
50. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry I Beauclerc. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
51. ^ Timeline of King Henry I. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
52. ^ STEPHEN (of Blois) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
53. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Stephen and Matilda. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
54. ^ Matilda ruled at the same time as Stephen, but her reign was disputed. MATILDA (the Empress) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
55. ^ HENRY II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
56. ^ BBC - History - The Character and Legacy of Henry II. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
57. ^ Richard I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
58. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Richard the Lionheart. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
59. ^ JOHN (Lackland) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
60. ^ Henry III @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
61. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry III. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
62. ^ Edward I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
63. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward I Longshanks. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
64. ^ Edward II was deposed by Parliament on 20 January 1327, having been imprisoned on 16 November 1326. EDWARD II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
65. ^ Timeline of King Edward II. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
66. ^ EDWARD III @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
67. ^ TimeRef - History Timelines. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
68. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward III. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
69. ^ Richard II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
70. ^ Richard II was deposed, and became a prisoner of Henry Bolingbroke, who usurped the throne from the prior claims of the issue of his father John of Gaunt. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Richard II. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
71. ^ thePeerage.com - Lennart Gustaf Nicholas Paul Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg and others. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
72. ^ TimeRef - History Timelines - Medieval People Starting With A. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
73. ^ HENRY IV @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
74. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry IV. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
75. ^ Spartacus Schoolnet: Henry IV. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
76. ^ Timeline of King HenryIV. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
77. ^ HENRY V @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
78. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry V. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
79. ^ Edward IV usurped the throne in 1461 after years of civil war. Henry VI was restored for about five months in 1470 before being deposed again permanently. HENRY VI @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
80. ^ Timeline of King HenryVI. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
81. ^ Edward was briefly deposed during his reign by Henry VI. EDWARD IV @ Archontology. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
82. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward IV. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
83. ^ royal Genealogies Part 22. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
84. ^ Edward V was deposed by Richard III, who usurped the throne on the grounds that Edward was illegitimate. EDWARD V @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
85. ^ RICHARD III @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
86. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Richard III. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
87. ^ Timeline of King Richard III. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
88. ^ HENRY VII @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
89. ^ Henry VII. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
90. ^ HENRY VIII @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
91. ^ After Jane Seymour, Henry VIII had no more children. The Six Wives of Henry VIII. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
92. ^ EDWARD VI @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
93. ^ Jane was deposed in favour of Mary Tudor. JANE (Jane Grey) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
94. ^ Lady Jane Grey: Marriage. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
95. ^ Mary I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
96. ^ ELIZABETH I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
97. ^ History of the Monarchy > The Tudors > Elizabeth I. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
98. ^ James I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
99. ^ Royal Genealogies Part 17. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
100. ^ Charles I. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
101. ^ Royal Genealogies Part 17. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
102. ^ CROMWELL, Oliver [1653-1658 @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed 22 April 2007.
103. ^ CROMWELL. URL last accessed 22 April 2007.
104. ^ British Civil Wars: Oliver Cromwell bio. URL last accessed 25 January 2007.
105. ^ Richard Cromwell was deposed as Lord Protector. CROMWELL, Richard @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 22 April 2007.
106. ^ Charles II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 24 April 2007.
107. ^ James II fled on 11 December, and was officially deposed on 23 December 1688
108. ^ William III and Mary II were married and ruled together. After Mary died in 1694, William ruled on his own
109. ^ After the personal union of the three crowns, James was the first to style himself King of Great Britain, but the title was rejected by the English Parliament and had no basis in law. The Parliament of Scotland also opposed it. Croft, p67; Wilson, pp249-252. See also the early history of the Union Flag.
2. ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
3. ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
4. ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
5. ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
6. ^ Burke's Peerage & Gentry URL last accessed 7 September 2007.
7. ^ Alfred (the Great) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.
8. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Alfred the Great. URL last accessed 14 March 2007.
9. ^ Alfred the Great. URL last accessed 14 March 2007.
10. ^ EADWEARD (Edward the Elder) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed on 15 March 2007.
11. ^ There are various references listing Edward the Elder's birth as sometime in the 870s, being the second child of a marriage of 868. There are no sources listing his birth as after 877. Anglo-Saxons.net : Edward the Elder. URL last accessed on 15 March 2007.
12. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward the Elder. URL last accessed on 21 January 2007.
13. ^ Aethelstan @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.
14. ^ EBK: Aethelstan, King of the English. URL last accessed 15 March 2007.
15. ^ EADMUND (Edmund) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
16. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund the Elder. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
17. ^ EADRED (Edred) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
18. ^ EBK: Edred, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
19. ^ BritRoyals - King Edred. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
20. ^ EADWIG (Edwy) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
21. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Edwy. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
22. ^ EADGAR (Edgar the Peacemaker) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
23. ^ EBK: Edgar the Peacemaker, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
24. ^ The Atheling. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
25. ^ EADWEARD (Edward the Martyr) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
26. ^ EBK: Edward the Martyr, King of England. URL last accessed 17 March 2007.
27. ^ Ethelred the Unready was forced to go into exile in the summer of 1013, following Danish attacks, but was invited back following Sweyn Forkbeard's death. AETHELRED (the Unready) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
28. ^ Schoolnet Spartacus: Ethelred. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
29. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Ethelred II, the Redeless. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
30. ^ EADMUND (Edmund the Ironside) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
31. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edmund Ironside. URL last accessed 17 March 2007
32. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Sweyn Forkbeard. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
33. ^ SWEYN (Forkbeard) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
34. ^ CNUT (Canute) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
35. ^ Harold was only recognised as king north of the River Thames until 1037, after which he was recognised as king of all England. HAROLD (Harefoot) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
36. ^ HARTHACNUT @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
37. ^ BritRoyals - King Harthacnut. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
38. ^ EADWEARD (Edward the Confessor) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
39. ^ Channel 4: Monarchy - Edith. URL last accessed 21 March 2007.
40. ^ HAROLD (Godwinesson) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 22 March 2007.
41. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Harold II Godwineson. URL last accessed 22 March 2007.
42. ^ BritRoyals - King Harold II. URL last accessed 22 March 2007.
43. ^ After ruling for approximately 8 weeks, Edgar the Atheling submitted to William the Conqueror, who had gained control of the country. EADGAR (Edgar the Ætheling) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 22 March 2007
44. ^ WILLIAM I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
45. ^ William the Conqueror. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
46. ^ WILLIAM II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
47. ^ William II. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
48. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - William II Rufus. URL last accessed 26 March 2007.
49. ^ HENRY I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
50. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry I Beauclerc. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
51. ^ Timeline of King Henry I. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
52. ^ STEPHEN (of Blois) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
53. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Stephen and Matilda. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
54. ^ Matilda ruled at the same time as Stephen, but her reign was disputed. MATILDA (the Empress) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 27 March 2007.
55. ^ HENRY II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
56. ^ BBC - History - The Character and Legacy of Henry II. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
57. ^ Richard I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
58. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Richard the Lionheart. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
59. ^ JOHN (Lackland) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
60. ^ Henry III @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
61. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry III. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
62. ^ Edward I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
63. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward I Longshanks. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
64. ^ Edward II was deposed by Parliament on 20 January 1327, having been imprisoned on 16 November 1326. EDWARD II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
65. ^ Timeline of King Edward II. URL last accessed 31 March 2007.
66. ^ EDWARD III @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
67. ^ TimeRef - History Timelines. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
68. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward III. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
69. ^ Richard II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
70. ^ Richard II was deposed, and became a prisoner of Henry Bolingbroke, who usurped the throne from the prior claims of the issue of his father John of Gaunt. English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Richard II. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
71. ^ thePeerage.com - Lennart Gustaf Nicholas Paul Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg and others. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
72. ^ TimeRef - History Timelines - Medieval People Starting With A. URL last accessed 19 April 2007.
73. ^ HENRY IV @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
74. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry IV. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
75. ^ Spartacus Schoolnet: Henry IV. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
76. ^ Timeline of King HenryIV. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
77. ^ HENRY V @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
78. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Henry V. URL last accessed 20 April 2007.
79. ^ Edward IV usurped the throne in 1461 after years of civil war. Henry VI was restored for about five months in 1470 before being deposed again permanently. HENRY VI @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
80. ^ Timeline of King HenryVI. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
81. ^ Edward was briefly deposed during his reign by Henry VI. EDWARD IV @ Archontology. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
82. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Edward IV. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
83. ^ royal Genealogies Part 22. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
84. ^ Edward V was deposed by Richard III, who usurped the throne on the grounds that Edward was illegitimate. EDWARD V @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
85. ^ RICHARD III @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
86. ^ English Monarchs - Kings and Queens of England - Richard III. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
87. ^ Timeline of King Richard III. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
88. ^ HENRY VII @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
89. ^ Henry VII. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
90. ^ HENRY VIII @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
91. ^ After Jane Seymour, Henry VIII had no more children. The Six Wives of Henry VIII. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
92. ^ EDWARD VI @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
93. ^ Jane was deposed in favour of Mary Tudor. JANE (Jane Grey) @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
94. ^ Lady Jane Grey: Marriage. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
95. ^ Mary I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
96. ^ ELIZABETH I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
97. ^ History of the Monarchy > The Tudors > Elizabeth I. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
98. ^ James I @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
99. ^ Royal Genealogies Part 17. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
100. ^ Charles I. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
101. ^ Royal Genealogies Part 17. URL last accessed 21 April 2007.
102. ^ CROMWELL, Oliver [1653-1658 @ Archontology.org]. URL last accessed 22 April 2007.
103. ^ CROMWELL. URL last accessed 22 April 2007.
104. ^ British Civil Wars: Oliver Cromwell bio. URL last accessed 25 January 2007.
105. ^ Richard Cromwell was deposed as Lord Protector. CROMWELL, Richard @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 22 April 2007.
106. ^ Charles II @ Archontology.org. URL last accessed 24 April 2007.
107. ^ James II fled on 11 December, and was officially deposed on 23 December 1688
108. ^ William III and Mary II were married and ruled together. After Mary died in 1694, William ruled on his own
109. ^ After the personal union of the three crowns, James was the first to style himself King of Great Britain, but the title was rejected by the English Parliament and had no basis in law. The Parliament of Scotland also opposed it. Croft, p67; Wilson, pp249-252. See also the early history of the Union Flag.
See also
- List of British monarchs
- List of monarchs in the British Isles
- Line of Succession to the British Throne (a list of people)
- Succession to the British Throne (historical overview and current rules)
- Alternate Successions of the English Crown
- List of monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death
- Demise of the Crown
- Mnemonic verse of monarchs in England
External links
- English Monarchs - A complete history of the Kings and Queens of England
- Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
- Archontology
- Kings of England
Heptarchy (Greek: ἑπτά + ἀρχή seven + realm) is a collective name applied to the Anglo-Saxon ancient kingdoms of south, east, and central Great Britain during late antiquity
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Bretwalda is an Anglo-Saxon term, the first record of which comes from the late ninth century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. It is applied in that chronicle to some of the rulers of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms from the fifth century onwards who had achieved overlordship over some or all
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This is a list of the monarchs of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed in the British Isles, namely:
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British monarchy is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories, and holds the now constitutional position of head of state.
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Kingdom of England was a state located in western Europe, in the southern part of the island of Great Britain, consisting of the modern day constituent countries of England and Wales and the modern legal entity of England and Wales.
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Egbert
King of Wessex
Egbert's name, spelled Ecgbriht, from the 827 entry in the C manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Reign 802 — 839
Died 839
Buried Winchester
Predecessor Beorhtric
Successor
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King of Wessex
Egbert's name, spelled Ecgbriht, from the 827 entry in the C manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Reign 802 — 839
Died 839
Buried Winchester
Predecessor Beorhtric
Successor
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Bretwalda is an Anglo-Saxon term, the first record of which comes from the late ninth century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. It is applied in that chronicle to some of the rulers of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms from the fifth century onwards who had achieved overlordship over some or all
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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
790s 800s 810s - 820s - 830s 840s 850s
826 827 828 - 829 - 830 831 832
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790s 800s 810s - 820s - 830s 840s 850s
826 827 828 - 829 - 830 831 832
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9th century - 10th century - 11st century
890s 900s 910s - 920s - 930s 940s 950s
924 925 926 - 927 - 928 929 930
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890s 900s 910s - 920s - 930s 940s 950s
924 925 926 - 927 - 928 929 930
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Athelstan
King of the English
Reign August 2,924 – October 27,939
Born 895
Wessex, England
Died September 27 939
Buried Malmesbury Abbey
Predecessor Ælfweard
Successor Edmund
Father
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King of the English
Reign August 2,924 – October 27,939
Born 895
Wessex, England
Died September 27 939
Buried Malmesbury Abbey
Predecessor Ælfweard
Successor Edmund
Father
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Motto
Cymru am byth (Welsh)
"Wales forever"
Anthem
"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau"
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Cymru am byth (Welsh)
"Wales forever"
Anthem
"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau"
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- Scotland.
The Kingdom of Scotland (Gaelic: Rìoghachd na h-Alba Scots: Kinrick o Scotland) was a state located in Western Europe, in the northern third of the island of Great Britain - modern day Scotland.
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Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a state in Western Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800. It was created by the merger of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England, under the Acts of Union 1707, to create a single
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Ireland
Éire
Airlann <nowiki />
Northwest of continental Europe with Great Britain to the east.
Geography <nowiki/>
Location Western Europe <nowiki />
Archipelago
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Éire
Airlann <nowiki />
Northwest of continental Europe with Great Britain to the east.
Geography <nowiki/>
Location Western Europe <nowiki />
Archipelago
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Motto
"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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"Dieu et mon droit" [2] (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
"God Save the Queen" [3]
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The House of Wessex, also known as the House of Cerdic or the Saxon royal house, refers to the family that ruled a kingdom in southwest England known as Wessex.
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This is a list of monarchs of Wessex until 924. For later monarchs, see the List of monarchs in the British Isles. While the details of the later monarchs are confirmed by a number of sources, the earlier ones are in many cases obscure.
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9th century - 10th century
770s 780s 790s - 800s - 810s 820s 830s
799 800 801 - 802 - 803 804 805
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770s 780s 790s - 800s - 810s 820s 830s
799 800 801 - 802 - 803 804 805
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Mercia (IPA: /ˈmɝsiə/) was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. It was centred on the valley of the River Trent and its tributaries in the region now known as the English Midlands.
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Bretwalda is an Anglo-Saxon term, the first record of which comes from the late ninth century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. It is applied in that chronicle to some of the rulers of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms from the fifth century onwards who had achieved overlordship over some or all
..... Read more.
..... Read more.
8th century - 9th century - 10th century
790s 800s 810s - 820s - 830s 840s 850s
826 827 828 - 829 - 830 831 832
..... Read more.
790s 800s 810s - 820s - 830s 840s 850s
826 827 828 - 829 - 830 831 832
..... Read more.
9th century - 10th century - 11st century
890s 900s 910s - 920s - 930s 940s 950s
924 925 926 - 927 - 928 929 930
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890s 900s 910s - 920s - 930s 940s 950s
924 925 926 - 927 - 928 929 930
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Egbert
King of Wessex
Egbert's name, spelled Ecgbriht, from the 827 entry in the C manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Reign 802 — 839
Died 839
Buried Winchester
Predecessor Beorhtric
Successor
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King of Wessex
Egbert's name, spelled Ecgbriht, from the 827 entry in the C manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Reign 802 — 839
Died 839
Buried Winchester
Predecessor Beorhtric
Successor
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9th century - 10th century
770s 780s 790s - 800s - 810s 820s 830s
799 800 801 - 802 - 803 804 805
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770s 780s 790s - 800s - 810s 820s 830s
799 800 801 - 802 - 803 804 805
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8th century - 9th century - 10th century
800s 810s 820s - 830s - 840s 850s 860s
836 837 838 - 839 - 840 841 842
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800s 810s 820s - 830s - 840s 850s 860s
836 837 838 - 839 - 840 841 842
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7th century - 8th century - 9th century
740s 750s 760s - 770s - 780s 790s 800s
772 773 774 - 775 - 776 777 778
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740s 750s 760s - 770s - 780s 790s 800s
772 773 774 - 775 - 776 777 778
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Ealhmund, was King of Kent in 784. His father was Eoffa de Wessex.
There is little historical evidence for his reign. An abstract of a charter dated 784 survives [1] , in which Ealhmund granted land to the Abbot of Reculver.
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There is little historical evidence for his reign. An abstract of a charter dated 784 survives [1] , in which Ealhmund granted land to the Abbot of Reculver.
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Redburga or Raedburh was the wife of king Egbert of Wessex and may have been the sister-in-law of Charlemagne as the sister of his fourth wife, Luitgard; other sources describe her as his sister (although Charlemagne's only sister was named Gisela) or his great-granddaughter
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8th century - 9th century
770s 780s 790s - 800s - 810s 820s 830s
797 798 799 - 800 - 801 802 803
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770s 780s 790s - 800s - 810s 820s 830s
797 798 799 - 800 - 801 802 803
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February 4 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
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Events
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