What is Caria?

Information about Caria

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Location of Caria
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Photo of a 15th century map showing Caria.


Caria (Greek: Καρία) was a region of Anatolia situated south of Ionia and west of Phrygia and Lycia. The eponymous inhabitants were known as Carians, and came to Caria before the Greeks. They were described by Herodotos as of Minoan descent [1]

The name of Caria appears in a number of early languages: Hittite Karkija (a member state of the Assuwa league, ca. 1250 BC), Babylonian Karsa, Elamite and Old Persian Kurka. According to some accounts, the land was originally called "Phoenicia", because a Phoenician colony settled there in early times. Afterwards it is said to have received the name of Caria from Kar, a legendary early king of the Carians.

Independent Caria arose as a Neo-Hittite kingdom around the 11th century BC.The coast of Caria was part of the Dorian hexapolis (six-cities) when the Dorians arrived there during the Greek dark ages and occupied former Mycenaean settlements such us Knidos and Halicarnassos (present-day Bodrum). Herodotus, the famous historian was born at Halicarnassos during the 5th century B.C. It was incorporated into the Persian Achaemenid empire as a satrapy in 545 BC. The most important town was Halicarnassus, from where its sovereigns reigned. Other major towns were Heraclea by Latmus, Antiochia, Myndus, Laodicea, Alinda and Alabanda.

The Iliad records that at the time of the Trojan War, the city of Miletus belonged to the Carians, and was allied to the Trojan cause.

Halicarnassus was the location of the famed Mausoleum of Maussollos dedicated to Mausolus, a satrap of Caria between 377–353 BC by his wife, Artemisia. The monument became one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and from which the Romans named any grand tomb a mausoleum.

Caria was conquered by Alexander in 334 BC.

Lemprière notes that "As Caria probably abounded in figs, a particular sort has been called Carica, and the words In Care periculum facere, having been proverbially used to signify the encountering of danger in the pursuit of a thing of trifling value."

See also

Notes

1. ^ Herodotus. The Histories, 1.171.1-3, Hammondsworth: Penguin Books,1954

External links


Provinces of the Achaemenid Empire (Behistun and Daiva inscriptions)
Persia | Elam | Babylonia | Media | Sacae | Yauna | Macedon | Pamphylia | Paphlagonia | Cappadocia | Caria | Lydia | Thrace | Armenia | Cilicia | Taxila | Egypt | Gandara | Sattagydia | Gedrosia | Carmania | Maka | Drangiana | Arachosia | Bactria | Parthia | Aria | Chorasmia | Sogdia | Kush | Arabia | Hyrcania | Margu | Dahae | Libya | Eber-Nari
By district (Herodotus)
District I | District II | District III | District IV | District V | District VI | District VII | District VIII | District IX | District X | District XI | District XII | District XIII | District XIV | District XV | District XVI | District XVII | District XVIII | District XIX | District XX
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Ancient Greek refers to the second stage in the history of the Greek language[1] as it existed during the Archaic (9th–6th centuries BC) and Classical (5th–4th centuries BC) periods in Greece.
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In antiquity, Phrygia (Greek: Φρυγία) was a kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolia. The Phrygian people settled in the area from c. 1200 BC, and established a kingdom in the 8th century BC.
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Lycia (in Lycian, Trm̃misa (see List of Lycian place names); in ancient Greek, Λυκία and in modern Turkish, Likya) is a region in the modern-day provinces of Antalya and Muğla on the southern coast of Turkey.
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The Carians (Greek: Κάρες; Kares) were the inhabitants of Caria.

Legend

According to tradition, the Carians were named after eponymous Car, one of their legendary early kings (Herodotus, 1.171).
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Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Ἡρόδοτος Ἁλικαρνᾱσσεύς Hērodotos Halikarnāsseus
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Hittite
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: hit
ISO 639-3: hit

Hittite is the extinct language once spoken by the Hittites, a people who created an empire centered on ancient Hattusas (modern Boğazkale) in
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The Assuwa league was a confederation of states in western Anatolia, defeated by the Hittites under an earlier Tudhaliya I around 1400 BC. The league formed to oppose the Hittite empire. The list of its members contains 22 names, including [...
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Ancient Mesopotamia

Euphrates Tigris
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Kish ' Lagash ' Nippur
Akkadian Empire: Akkad
Babylon ' Isin ' Susa
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Elamite is an extinct language, which was spoken by the ancient Elamites (also known as Ilamids). Elamite was an official language of the Persian Empire from the sixth to fourth centuries BC.
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Old Persian 
Writing system: Old Persian Cuneiform
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: peo
ISO 639-3: peo

Old Persian is one of the two attested forms of Old Iranian languages.
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Phoenicia (or Phenicia \fi-ˈnish-(ē-)ə, -ˈnēsh-\,[1] from Biblical Phenice \fi-ˈ
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Kar was an ancient phoenician, who founded and ruled the colony of Karkija (later called Caria) in south-west anatolia, which was named after him.
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The states that are called Neo-Hittite, or more recently Syro-Hittite, were Luwian, Aramaic and Phoenician-speaking political entities of Iron Age northern Syria and southern Anatolia that arose following the collapse of the Hittite Empire around 1180 BC and lasted until
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Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Ἡρόδοτος Ἁλικαρνᾱσσεύς Hērodotos Halikarnāsseus
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Achaemenid Empire (Persian: هخامنشیان IPA: [haχɒmaneʃijɒn]) (559 BC–330 BC), or
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See also the related deity Satrapes.
Satrap was the name given to the governors of the provinces of ancient Median and Persian empires, including the Achaemenid Empire and in several of their heirs, such as the Sassanid Empire and the Hellenistic empires.
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Halicarnassus(Ἀλικαρνᾱσσός)
Ancient City of Greece
(Bodrum)
The ruins of the Mausoleum of Maussollos, one of the
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Heraclea , Heracleia or Heraclia may refers to;

Places

Island

  • Heraclea (island) was the name of one of the Sporades, between Naxos and los, which is still called Raklia, and bears traces of a Greek township with temples to Tyche and

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Antiochia on the Maeander also Antioch on the Maeander (Greek: Αντιόχεια του Μαίανδρου; Latin: Antiochia ad Mæandrum), earlier Pythopolis
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Myndus or Myndos was an ancient Greek city of Caria in Asia Minor, built on the Bodrum Peninsula, and is the sight of modern Gümüslük, Turkey.

Once the cynic philosopher Diogenes of Sinope visited Myndos and upon noticing how large the city gates were relative to the
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Denizli is a growing industrial city in the mountains of southwestern Turkey. It has an urban population of 275,480 (2000 census) and is the capital city of Denizli Province.
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Alinda was an ancient inland city of Caria in Anatolia (situated near the modern-day village of Karpuzlu, Aydin Province, in the Asian part of Turkey). Alinda was an important city in the second millennium BC, and appears in Hittite sources as Ialanti (J. Garstang, p.179).
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Alabanda Рalso h̻ Alabanda, ta Alabanda, Alabandeus, Alabandensis, Alabandenus, and for a time, Antiochia of the Chrysaorians
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