What is Neognathae?

Information about Neognathae

Neognaths
Enlarge picture
Mandarin Duck

Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Superorder:Neognathae
Pycraft, 1900
Orders


Neognaths are birds that form the Superorder Neognathae ("new jaw"), within the Subclass Neornithes ("new bird"), within the Class Aves. The superorder Neognathae includes Fowl and virtually all flying birds; the other living superorder, Paleognathae, contains only one order capable of flight. The Neognaths have fused metacarpals, an elongate digit III, and 13 or fewer vertebrae (all the Neornithes), are all toothless, and form about 9000 species and 29 orders. Through time, the neognaths have undergone adaptive radiation to produce the staggering diversity of form (especially of the bill and feet), function, and behavior that we see today.

Anatomy & Characteristics

Evolution

Taxonomy & Phylogenetics

Neognaths & Humans

References

Tree of Life Project Page on Neognaths The Paleobiology Database Page on Neognath Classification
A. galericulata

Binomial name
Aix galericulata
(Linnaeus, 1758)

European distribution of Aix galericulata


The Mandarin Duck (
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Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Chordata
Bateson, 1885

Typical Classes

See below

Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates.
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Aves
Linnaeus, 1758

Orders

About two dozen - see section below

Birds (class Aves) are bipedal, warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrate animals.
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William Plane Pycraft (1868 - 1942) was an English zoologist.

Pycraft was born in Yarmouth. In 1892 he became assistant to Edwin Ray Lankester, and in 1898 moved with Lankester to the staff of the Natural History Museum. In 1907 Pycraft took charge of osteology at the museum.
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Galloanserae
Sibley, Ahlquist & Monroe, 1988

Orders
  • Galliformes
  • Anseriformes


The birds referred to as "fowl" belong to one of two orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl (Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes).
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Anseriformes
Wagler, 1831

Families
  • Anhimidae
  • Anseranatidae
  • Anatidae
  • †Dromornithidae
  • †Presbyornithidae
  • †Gastornidae(?)


The order Anseriformes
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Galliformes
Temminck, 1820

Families

Megapodiidae
Numididae
Odontophoridae
Phasianidae
Meleagrididae
Tetraonidae
Cracidae
(?)Mesitornithidae
Galliformes
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Short-tailed Albatross
showing tubenose structure]]
Short-tailed Albatross
showing tubenose structure


Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum:
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Diomedeidae
G.R. Gray, 1840

Genera

Diomedea
Thalassarche
Phoebastria
Phoebetria

Albatrosses, of the biological family Diomedeidae
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Petrels are tube-nosed seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes. The common name does not indicate relationship beyond that point, as "petrels" occur in three of the four families within that group (except the Albatross family, Diomedeidae).
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Sphenisciformes
Sharpe, 1891

Family: Spheniscidae
Bonaparte, 1831

Modern genera
  • Aptenodytes
  • Eudyptes
  • Eudyptula
  • Megadyptes
  • Pygoscelis

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Sphenisciformes
Sharpe, 1891

Family: Spheniscidae
Bonaparte, 1831

Modern genera
  • Aptenodytes
  • Eudyptes
  • Eudyptula
  • Megadyptes
  • Pygoscelis

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Pelecaniformes
Sharpe, 1891

Families
  • Fregatidae
  • Pelecanidae
  • Sulidae
  • Phalacrocoracidae
  • Anhingidae
  • Phaethontidae
For prehistoric families, see article text.
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Ciconiiformes
Bonaparte, 1854

Families
  • Ardeidae
  • Cochlearidae (the Boat-billed Heron)
  • Balaenicipitidae (the Shoebill)
  • Scopidae (the Hammerkop)
  • Ciconiidae
  • Threskiornithidae
  • Cathartidae
Traditionally, the order
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Ciconiidae
Gray, 1840

Genera

See text.
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills, belonging to the family Ciconiidae.
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Phoenicopteriformes
Fürbringer, 1888

Family: Phoenicopteridae
Bonaparte, 1831

Genus: Phoenicopterus
Linnaeus, 1758

Flamingos (
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Phoenicopteriformes
Fürbringer, 1888

Family: Phoenicopteridae
Bonaparte, 1831

Genus: Phoenicopterus
Linnaeus, 1758

Flamingos (
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Falconiformes
Sharpe, 1874

Families

Accipitridae
Pandionidae
Falconidae
Sagittariidae

The order Falconiformes is a group of about 290 species of birds that include the diurnal birds of prey.
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Eagles are large birds of prey which mainly inhabit Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just two species (the Bald and Golden Eagles) are found in North America north of Mexico, with a few more species in Central and South America, and three in Australia.
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hawk refers to birds of prey in any of three senses:
  • In strict use in Europe and Asia, to mean any of the species in the bird subfamily Accipitrinae in the genera Accipiter, Micronisus, Melierax, Urotriorchis, and Megatriorchis.

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“Tiercel” redirects here. For other meanings, see Tercel.

Falcons

Mauritius Kestrel, Falco punctatus.
This small falcon was nearly extinct in 1974.

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Gruiformes
Bonaparte, 1854

Families

Some 5-10 living, see article text.

The diverse order Gruiformes contains a considerable number of living and extinct bird families with, on first sight, little in common. Gruiform means "crane-like.
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Charadriiformes
Huxley, 1867

Families

Scolopacidae
Rostratulidae
Jacanidae
Thinocoridae
Pedionomidae
Laridae
Rhynchopidae
Sternidae
Alcidae
Stercorariidae
Glareolidae
Dromadidae
Turnicidae
Burhinidae
Chionididae
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