What is Cilicia (satrapy)?

Information about Cilicia (satrapy)

Cilicia (modern Turkish name is Çukurova) was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire, with its capitol at Tarsus. It was conquered sometime in the 540's by Cyrus the Great. Cilicia was a vassal, and although it had a vassal king had to pay a tribute of 360 horses and 500 talents of silver, according to Herodotus. The fertile Çukurova(Cilicia) plains were the most important part of the satrapy.

There were several sanctuaries that remained more or less independent from Persian rule. Some of these included Castabala, Mazaca, and Mallus.

The last vassal king of Cilicia became involved in the civil war between Artaxerxes II and Cyrus the Younger. Having sided with Cyrus the Younger, who was defeated, the king was dethroned and Cilicia became an ordinary satrapy.

The second to last satrap (governor) of Cilicia was the Babylonian Mazaeus. Shortly aftwards, his successor was expelled by Alexander the Great.

See also

References


Provinces of the Achaemenid Empire (Behistun and Daiva inscriptions)
Persia | Elam | Babylonia | Media | Sacae | Yauna | Macedon | Pamphylia | Paphlagonia | Cappadocia | Caria | Lydia | Thrace | Armenia | Cilicia | Taxila | Egypt | Gandara | Sattagydia | Gedrosia | Carmania | Maka | Drangiana | Arachosia | Bactria | Parthia | Aria | Chorasmia | Sogdia | Kush | Arabia | Hyrcania | Margu | Dahae | Libya | Eber-Nari
By district (Herodotus)
District I | District II | District III | District IV | District V | District VI | District VII | District VIII | District IX | District X | District XI | District XII | District XIII | District XIV | District XV | District XVI | District XVII | District XVIII | District XIX | District XX
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Çukurova is the modern name for the ancient region of Cilicia (or to be more precise, of Cilicia Pedia, "the flat Cilicia") in southern Turkey. The region forms parts of the modern day provinces of Adana, Osmaniye and Mersin.
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See also the related deity Satrapes.
Satrap was the name given to the governors of the provinces of ancient Median and Persian empires, including the Achaemenid Empire and in several of their heirs, such as the Sassanid Empire and the Hellenistic empires.
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Achaemenid Empire (Persian: هخامنشیان IPA: [haχɒmaneʃijɒn]) (559 BC–330 BC), or
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Tarsus (Greek Ταρσός) is a city and a large district in Mersin Province, Turkey, 15 km from the city of Mersin and near (40 km) to the city of Adana.
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Cyrus II of Persia, The Great
King of Persia, King of Media

An old Iranian portrait of Cyrus the Great (artist's conception).
Reign 550 BC to 529 BC
Born 590 BC or 576 BC
Anshan
Died August 530 BC
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Çukurova is the modern name for the ancient region of Cilicia (or to be more precise, of Cilicia Pedia, "the flat Cilicia") in southern Turkey. The region forms parts of the modern day provinces of Adana, Osmaniye and Mersin.
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Artaxerxes II Mnemon
Great King (Shah) of Persia
Reign 404 BC–358 BC
Born ca. 436 BC
Died 358 BC
Buried
Predecessor Darius II of Persia
Heir Apparent Artaxerxes III of Persia
Successor
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Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II and Parysatis, was a Persian prince and general. The time of his birth is unknown, but he died in 401 BC.

He was born after the accession of his father in 424 BC.
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See also the related deity Satrapes.
Satrap was the name given to the governors of the provinces of ancient Median and Persian empires, including the Achaemenid Empire and in several of their heirs, such as the Sassanid Empire and the Hellenistic empires.
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Ancient Mesopotamia

Euphrates Tigris
Cities / Empires
Sumer: Uruk ' Ur ' Eridu
Kish ' Lagash ' Nippur
Akkadian Empire: Akkad
Babylon ' Isin ' Susa
Assyria: Assur Nineveh
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Mazaeus, a Persian noble and governor of Babylon. He died in 328 BCE.

He was the second to last satrap (governor) of Cilicia. Shortly aftwards, his successor was expelled by Alexander the Great.
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Alexander III, the Great
Basileus of Macedon, Hegemon of the Hellenic League, Shah of Persia, Pharaoh of Egypt

Alexander fighting Persian king Darius III. From Alexander Mosaic, from Pompeii, Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale.
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Cilicia (Greek: Κιλικία; Armenian: Կիլիկիա) was a commonly used name of the south coastal region of the Anatolian penninsula, now known as Çukurova, and a political entity in Roman times.
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Çukurova is the modern name for the ancient region of Cilicia (or to be more precise, of Cilicia Pedia, "the flat Cilicia") in southern Turkey. The region forms parts of the modern day provinces of Adana, Osmaniye and Mersin.
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The Cilician Gates (Turkish Gülek Boğazı 'Gülek Pass') form the main pass through the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey, connecting the low plains of Cilicia and the Mediterranean coast with the high central plateau of Anatolia.
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Achaemenid Empire (Persian: هخامنشیان IPA: [haχɒmaneʃijɒn]) (559 BC–330 BC), or
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BCE Zayandeh River Civilization Sialk civilization 7500–1000 Jiroft civilization (Aratta) Proto-Elamite civilization Bactria-Margiana Complex Elamite dynasties 2800–550 Kingdom of Mannai Median Empire 728–550 Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Greco-Bactrian
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Sakas were the Scythians who lived in the eastern part of Central Asia. They are considered to be of north-eastern Iranian people by modern scholars.[1][2][3]
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Yauna (The old Persian name for the Greeks, derived from Iones, the name of the Greeks living along the coasts of Asia Minor) or Ionia, was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. The first mention of the Yauna is at the Behistun inscription.
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Macedonia was briefly a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire. It was added to the empire when general Mardonius conquered the territory in 492 BCE. It became an important base for further European conquest and also contained gold mines.
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Pamphylia was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus (modern day Antalya province, Side,Turkey).
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Paphlagonia was an ancient area on the Black Sea coast of north central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia and Pontus, and separated from Phrygia (later, Galatia) by a prolongation to the east of the Bithynian Olympus.
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Cappadocia (from Old Persian Katpatuka) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire used by the Achaemenids to administer the regions beyond the Taurus Mountains and the Euphrates river.
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Caria (Greek: Καρία) was a region of Anatolia situated south of Ionia and west of Phrygia and Lycia. The eponymous inhabitants were known as Carians, and came to Caria before the Greeks.
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Lydia (known as Sparda by the Achaemenids) was a satrapy (province) of the Achaemenid Empire, with Sardis as its capitol. Tabalus, appointed by Cyrus the Great was the first satrap (governor), however, his rule did not last long as the Lydians revolted.
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Thrace was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. It was conquered by general Mardonius, under the reign of Darius the Great. Herodotus places the Thracians, along with the Hellespontines and Mariandynians, in district III/b of the Achaemenid Empire.
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Persian Armenia corresponds to the Armenian territory controlled by Persia throughout history. The size of Persian Armenia varied over time.

Armenians and the Achaemenid Empire

After the fall of the Median empire In 550 B.C.
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Taxila was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. It was added to the during the reign of Darius the Great. The occupation did not last long, and there are no archaeological traces of western armies in the Punjab, although a claim that the Persians built something in the area was made
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