What is Cephalic Flexure?

Information about Cephalic Flexure



Brain of human embryo of four and a half weeks, showing interior of fore-brain. (Cephalic flexure visible at center top.)
	subject #184 737
Dorlands/Elsevier	f_09/12368378

The cephalic flexure is the first flexure, or bend, of the embryonic brain; it appears in the region of the mid-brain.

By means of it the fore-brain is bent in a ventral direction around the anterior end of the notochord and fore-gut, with the result that the floor of the fore-brain comes to lie almost parallel with that of the hind-brain.

This flexure causes the mid-brain to become, for a time, the most prominent part of the brain, since its dorsal surface corresponds with the convexity of the curve.

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This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

• • [ e] Prenatal development/Mammalian development of nervous system
General neural development/Neurulation	Neurula - Notochord - Neural folds - Neuroectoderm - Neural plate - Neural groove Neural crest - Neural tube (Neuromere/Rhombomere, Cephalic flexure)
Eye development	Optic vesicles - Optic stalk - Optic cup
Auditory development	Auditory vesicle - Auditory pit

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In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
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The notochord is a flexible, rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo.
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The foregut is the anterior part of the alimentary canal, from the mouth to the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct. At this point it is continuous with the midgut. Pain in the foregut is typically referred to the epigastric region, just below the intersection of the ribs.
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The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates.

The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres.
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Endowment $914million ^[1]
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Location Kensington,
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Public domain comprises the body of knowledge and innovation (especially creative works such as writing, art, music, and inventions) in relation to which no person or other legal entity can establish or maintain proprietary interests within a particular legal jurisdiction.
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Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened) is an English-language human anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on the subject.
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Prenatal development is the process in which an embryo or fetus (or foetus) gestates during pregnancy, from fertilization until birth. Often, the terms fetal development, foetal development, or embryology are used in a similar sense.
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Mammalian embryogenesis is the process of cell division and cellular differentiation during early prenatal development which leads to the development of a mammalian embryo.
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Embryology is the study of the development of an embryo. An embryo is defined as any vertebrate in a stage before birth or hatching. Embryology refers to the development of the egg cell (zygote) after fertilization and the differentiation of cells into tissues and organs.
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nervous system of an animal coordinates the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and also stops input from the senses, and initiates actions. Prominent parts of a nervous system include neurons and nerves, which are used in coordination.
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The study of neural development draws on both neuroscience and developmental biology to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which complex nervous systems emerge during embryonic development and throughout life.
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Neurulation is a part of organogenesis in vertebrate embryos. Steps of neurulation include the formation of the dorsal nerve cord, and the eventual formation of the central nervous system.
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A Neurula is an embryo at the early stage of development in which neurulation occurs.

Neurulation is the development of the nervous system in the embryo, at the thickened area above the notochord in ectoderms.
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neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak.
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Neuroectoderm (or neural ectoderm) is the term for ectoderm which receives inhibitory signals from proteins such as noggin, which leads to the development of the nervous system from this tissue.
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In human embryology, formation of neural plate is the first step of neurulation. It is created by a flat thickening opposite to the primitive streak.

As it develops, it becomes surrounded by neural folds, which eventually create the cylindrical neural tube.
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Between the neural folds is a shallow median groove, the neural groove. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the
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The neural crest, a transient component of the ectoderm, is located in between the neural tube and the epidermis (or the free margins of the neural folds) of an embryo during neural tube formation.
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neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a
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Neuromeres are transient segments during the early development of the human brain. Around the fifth week of biological development, there are 15 visible neuromeres.

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In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon.
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The eye develops from the neural tube, the epidermis, and the periocular mesenchyme, which receives contributions from both the neural crest and mesoderm lineages.

Sequential inductions

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optic vesicles.

They project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk.
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optic stalk.

External links

Embryology at UNC eye-012
Overview at vision.ca

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated.
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Optic cup can refer to:

Optic cup (embryology)
Optic cup (ophthalmology)

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The mouth of the auditory pit is then closed, and thus a shut sac, the auditory vesicle (or otic vesicle^[1]), is formed; from it the epithelial lining of the membranous labyrinth is derived.
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