What is 1913?

Contents  (full)

1 Events of 1913

: -  Jan. ^. Feb. ^. March ^. April

: -  May ^. June ^. July  ^.  Aug.

: -  Sept. ^. Oct. ^. Nov. ^.  Dec.

: -  Undated ^. Ongoing ^.

2 Births

3 Deaths

4 Nobel Prizes

5 See also -  Notes -  External links

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Events of 1913

January

• January 13 - Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated, a Service Sorority, is founded on the campus of Howard University by twenty-two collegiate women.
• January 23 - Military coup in Ottoman Empire lead by Enver Pasha, the CUP overthrew the Liberal Union coalition and introduced a military dictatorship (Coup of 1913).
• January 30 - House of Lords rejects third Irish Home Rule Bill.

February

February 1: New York's Grand Central building as rebuilt (c.1911).

• February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, re-opens as the world's largest train station.
• February 3
• The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income tax.
• Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins.
• February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.
• February 27 - Freezing weather stops everything in Balkans.

March

• March - Outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia when the House of Romanov celebrates the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne.
• March 4
• Woodrow Wilson succeeds William Howard Taft as the 28th President of the United States.
• The US Department of Commerce and US Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.
• The first U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed.

March 4: Wilson now President.

• March 10 - Civil Rights activist Harriet Tubman dies of pneumonia.
• March 12 - Australia begins building the new federal capital of Canberra.
• March 13 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in USA.
• March 18 - King George I of Greece is assassinated.
• March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
• March 25
• Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadaloupe and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government as the head of "Constitutionals."
• 2 days of rain in the Miami Valley flood the region and mark the worst natural disaster in Ohio's recorded history. Dayton is especially devastated in this great flood.
• March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.

March 12: Canberra begins building the new capital of Australia.

April

• April 8 - Passing of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.
• April 24 - Woolworth Building opening ceremony.

May

• May 13 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine aircraft.
• May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
• May 29 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring is premiered in Paris.
• May 30 - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London ending the war.

June

• June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross in the United States; still issued bimonthly till today.
• June 4 - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She was trampled and died four days later in hospital, never having regained consciousness.
• June 13 - Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute that broke in Niagara Falls, New York.
• June 15 - Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 relatively defenceless men, women and children, Bud Bagsak, Philippines. (Disputed: First Battle of Bud Dajo)
• June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.

July

• July 3 - Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of United States Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
• July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004).

August

• August 4 - In China, province of Chungking declares independence. Chinese Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks
• August 10 - Division of Macedonia after the second Balkan War, according to the Treaty of Bucharest
• August 13 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield.
• August 15 - Start of Dublin Strike & Lockout, all trade union members dismissed
• August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond becomes the first person to jump from an airplane and land safely.

September

• September 19 - Francis Ouimet wins the U.S. Open by five strokes to become the first amateur to ever win the event
• September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean
• September 29
• Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain
• Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals

October

• October 1 - Villa's troops take Torreon after a three-day battle when government troops retreat
• October 10 - US President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the Panama Canal.
• October 19 - Founding of the DLRG (German Life Saving Society)

November

• November 1st - 56,654: Highest number of Panama Canal employees recorded since construction began in 1904.
• November 5 - The insane king Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III.
• November 6 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
• November 7-11 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills over 250.

December

• December 1
• Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of mass production).
• Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the first Balkan war, is annexed by Greece.
• December 12
• Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
• Vincenzo Perugia tries to sell Mona Lisa in Florence and is arrested.
• December 21 - Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.
• December 23 - The Federal Reserve is created by Woodrow Wilson.
• December 30 - Italy returns Mona Lisa to France.
• December - Bombay India Gateway of India constructed to commemorate first entry of Queen Victoria to India.

Undated

• Female suffrage in Norway
• British steamship Calvadas disappears in the Marmara Sea with 200 hands on board.
• de Sitter: shows speed of light is independent of speed of source.
• Sagnac: shows speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform.
• Painting September Morn creates a national sensation in U.S.
• Camel cigarettes are introduced.
• Ela Hockaday founds The Hockaday School.
• First publication of Journal of Ecology.
• National Temperance Council founded to promote the temperance movement.
• United States Soccer Federation is formed.
• Crescent School is founded.
• The modern zipper is invented.
• The cities of Winston, North Carolina and Salem, North Carolina officially merged to become Winston-Salem.

Ongoing

• First Balkan War.

Births

January-February

• January 2 - Anna Lee, English actress (d. 2004)
• January 6
• Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d. 2001)
• Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)
• January 9 - Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States (d. 1994)
• January 10 - Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)
• January 15 - Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998)
• January 18 - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987)
• January 18 - George Unwin, British fighter ace WWII (d. 2006)
• January 22
• William Cardinal Conway, Irish clergyman (d. 1977)
• Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
• January 24 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer
• January 25 - Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
• January 26 - Jimmy Van Heusen, American composer (d. 1990)
• January 29 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)
• February 2 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
• February 4 - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
• February 6 - Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)
• February 13 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)
• February 14
• Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
• Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared 1975)
• February 25
• Jim Backus, American actor (d. 1989)
• Gert Fröbe, German actor (d. 1988)
• February 27
• Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d. 2005)
• Irwin Shaw, American writer (d. 1984)
• Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (d. 1989)

March-April

• March 1 - Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)
• March 2 - Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d. 1971)
• March 4 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
• March 13
• William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)
• Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist
• Smoky Dawson, Australian country singer
• March 18 - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
• March 21 - George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)
• March 26
• Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)
• Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist
• March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
• March 30
• Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 2002)
• Frankie Laine, American singer (d. 2007)
• Ċensu Tabone, Maltese politician
• March 31 - Etta Baker, American blues musician (d. 2006)
• April 3 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
• April 7 - Charles Vanik, American politician (d. 2007)
• April 11 - Oleg Cassini, American fashion designer (d. 2006)
• April 13 - Fred Davis, English snooker and billiards player (d. 1998)
• April 14 - Jean Fournet, French conductor
• April 27 - Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. 2004)

May-June

• May 1
• Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d. 2005)
• Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
• May 5 - Tyrone Power, American actor (d. 1958)
• May 8 - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)
• May 11 - Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)
• May 13 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (d. 1980)
• May 16 - Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d. 1987)
• May 20 - William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)
• May 26 - Peter Cushing, English actor (d. 1994)
• May 29 - Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)
• June 6 - Carlo L. Golino, American scholar (d. 1991)
• June 10 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer
• June 11
• Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)
• Risë Stevens, American mezzosoprano singer
• June 18
• Robert Mondavi, American wine maker
• Sylvia Field Porter, American economist and journalist (d. 1991)
• June 25 - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)
• June 28 - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker
• June 30 - Alfonso López Michelsen, 32nd Colombian President (d. 2007)

July-August

• July 3 - Dorothy Kilgallen - American newspaper columnist (d. 1965)
• July 12
• Philip Mayer Kaiser, United States diplomat (d. 2007)
• Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• July 14 - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
• July 17 - Roger Garaudy, French Holocaust denier
• July 18 - Red Skelton, American comedian (d. 1997)
• July 22
• Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d. 1995)
• Licia Albanese, Italian-born opera soprano
• July 23 - Michael Foot, British Labour Party leader
• August 8
• John Facenda, American broadcaster and sports announcer (d. 1984)
• Robert Stafford, Governor of Vermont, U.S Representative and U.S. Senator. (d. 2006)
• August 10 - Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
• August 13 - Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d.1977)
• August 16 - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
• August 17
• Rudy York, baseball player (d. 1970)
• W. Mark Felt, American Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director and Deep Throat Watergate informant
• August 19 - Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003)
• August 20 - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
• August 27 - Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)
• August 28
• Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)
• Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
• August 29
• Jan Ekier, Polish pianist and composer
• August 30 - Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• August 31 - Helen Levitt, American photographer

September-October

• September 2 - Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician
• September 4 - Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
• September 12 - Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980)
• September 14 - Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
• September 15 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)
• September 19 - Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
• September 28 - Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss artist and illustrator (d. 2007)
• September 29
• Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
• Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d. 2001)
• Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d. 1996)
• September 30 - Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d. 1975)
• October 10 - Claude Simon, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
• October 22 - Robert Capa, Hungarian-born photojournalist (d. 1954)

November-December

• November 2 - Burt Lancaster, American actor (d. 1994)
• November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress (d. 1967)
• November 7 - Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
• November 7 - Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor
• November 9 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
• November 10 - Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)
• November 13 - Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
• November 15 - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
• November 21
• John Boulting, English film director (d.1985)
• Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d. 2001)
• November 22 - Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)
• November 25 - Lewis Thomas, American physician and essayist (d. 1993)
• December 6
• Nikolai Amosov, Ukrainian heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast (d. 2002)
• Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d. 2004)
• December 8 - Delmore Schwartz, American poet (d. 1966)
• December 9 - Frances Reid, American actress
• December 10
• Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996)
• Harry Locke, British character actor (d. 1987)
• December 13 - Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d. 2002)
• December 15 - Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (d. 1980)
• December 16 - George Ignatieff, a Canadian diplomat was the recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace.
• December 18
• Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)
• Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
• December 21 - Arnold Friberg, American artist
• December 30 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (d. 2002)

Deaths

January - June

• January 2 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)
• January 4 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b. 1833)
• February 22 - Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (b. 1873)
• February 26 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)
• March 10 - Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist (b. 1820)
• March 11 - John Shaw Billings, American military and medical leader (b. 1838)
• March 18 - King George I of Greece (b. 1845)
• March 22 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1882)
• March 31 - J.P.Morgan, American financier and banker (b. 1837)
• May 1 - John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (b. 1850)
• May 16 - Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1849)
• June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner
• June 8 - Emily Davison, British suffragette (b. 1872)
• June 28 - Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles, Brazilian president (b.1841)

July - December

• July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero (b. 1845)
• July 13 - Edward Burd Grubb, American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)
• July 29 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
• September 30 - Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b. 1858)
• October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
• November 7 - Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
• November 22 - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shogun (b. 1837)
• December 7 - Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman and last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. 1828)
• December 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)

Nobel prizes

• Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
• Chemistry - Alfred Werner
• Medicine - Charles Robert Richet
• Literature - Rabindranath Tagore
• Peace - Henri La Fontaine

Ship events

• List of ship launches in 1913
• List of ship commissionings in 1913
• List of ship decommissionings in 1913

See also

• 20th century

External links

• 1913 Coin Pictures
• 1913: Annus horribilis by Michael C. Tuggle of LewRockwell.com

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