Information about Telepathy
- For the magical act, see mentalism.
| Paranormal Terminology | |
|---|---|
) | |
| An experiment in sensory deprivation aiming to demonstrate TP | |
| Details | |
| Terminology: | Telepathy (TP) |
| Definition: | The transference of thoughts or feelings between two or more subjects through Psi |
| Signature: | One subject said to gain information from another that was shielded from their traditional senses by distance, time, or physical barriers. |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Coined by: | Fredric W. H. Myers (1882) [1] |
| Also called: | Thought-transference |
| See Also: | Extra-sensory perception, Anomalous cognition, Ganzfeld experiment |
Telepathy, from the Greek τῆλε, tele meaning "remote" and πάθεια, patheia meaning "to be affected by",[2], is a term used to describe the transfer of information on thoughts or feelings between individuals by means other than the five classical senses (See Psi). [3][1] The term was coined in 1882 by the classical scholar Fredric W. H. Myers, a founder of the Society for Psychical Research,[1] specifically to replace the earlier expression thought-transference.[3][1] A person who is able to make use of telepathy is said to be able to read the minds of others. Telepathy, along with psychokinesis forms the main branches of parapsychological research, and many studies seeking to detect and understand telepathy have been done within the field.
Telepathy is a common theme in fiction and science fiction, with many superheroes and supervillains, having telepathic abilities. Such abilities include both sensing the thoughts of others, and controlling the minds of other people. "Transhumanists" believe that technologically enabled telepathy, called "techlepathy", will be the inevitable future of humanity, and seek to develop practical, safe devices for directly connecting human nervous systems.
Telepathy in popular culture
Literature
Telepathy is commonly used in fiction, with a number of superheroes and supervillains, as well as figures in many science fiction novels, etc., use telepathy. Notable fictional telepaths include the Jedi in Star Wars; Betazoids and Vulcans in Star Trek; Lyta Alexander in Babylon 5; Matt Parkman from the TV series Heroes; J'onn J'onnz from DC Comics; River Tam from the TV series Firefly; and Professor Xavier and Jean Grey from Marvel Comics.The mechanics of telepathy in fiction vary widely. Some fictional telepaths are limited to receiving only thoughts that are deliberately sent by other telepaths, or even to receiving thoughts from a specific other person. For example, in Robert A. Heinlein's 1956 novel Time for the Stars, certain pairs of twins are able to send telepathic messages to each other. Some telepaths can read the thoughts only of those they touch, such as Vulcans in the Star Trek media franchise. At the opposite end of the spectrum, some telepathic characters continuously sense the thoughts of those around them and may control or dampen this ability only with difficulty, or not at all. In such cases, telepathy is often portrayed as a mixed blessing or as a curse.
Some fictional telepaths possess mind control abilities, which can include "pushing" thoughts, feelings, or hallucinatory visions into the mind of another person, causing pain, paralysis, or unconsciousness, altering or erasing memories, or completely taking over another person's mind and body (similar to spiritual possession). Examples of this type of telepath include the Carpathians from the novels in the Dark Series, and Charles Xavier from Marvel Comics. Characters with this ability may or may not also have the ability to read thoughts.
Pakistani writer Mohiuddin Nawab has written a serial in Urdu named "Devta" in the form of an autobiography of a telepathy master named Farhad Ali Timur. This is the longest novel serial ever written.
See also a composite .
Technologically enabled telepathy
Some people, occasionally referred to by themselves or others as "transhumanists", believe that technologically enabled telepathy, coined "techlepathy", will be the inevitable future of humanity. Kevin Warwick of the University of Reading, England is one of the leading proponents of this view and has based all of his recent cybernetics research around developing practical, safe devices for directly connecting human nervous systems together with computers and with each other. He believes techno-enabled telepathy will in the future become the primary form of human communication. He predicts that this will happen by means of the principle of natural selection, through which nearly everyone will have the need for such technology for economic and social reasons.[4][5]Telepathy in parapsychology
Within the field of parapsychology, telepathy is considered to be a form of extra-sensory perception (ESP) or anomalous cognition in which information is transferred through Psi. It is often categorized similarly to precognition and clairvoyance.[6] Various experiments have been used to test for telepathic abilities. Among the most well known are the use of Zener cards and the Ganzfeld experiment.
Zener cards are cards marked with five distinctive symbols. When using them, one individual is designated the "sender" and another the "receiver". The sender must select a random card and visualize the symbol on it, while the receiver must attempt to determine that symbol using Psi. Statistically, the receiver has a 20% chance of randomly guessing the correct symbol, so in order to demonstrate telepathy, they must repeatedly score a success rate that is significantly higher than 20%.[7] If not conducted properly, this method can be vulnerable to sensory leakage and card counting. [7]
When using the Ganzfeld experiment to test for telepathy, one individual is designated the receiver and is placed inside a controlled environment where they are deprived of sensory input, and another is designated the sender and is placed in a separate location. The receiver is then required to receive information from the sender. The exact nature of the information may vary between experiments.[8]
Types of telepathy
Parapsychology describes several different forms of telepathy, including latent telepathy and precognitive telepathy.[3]Latent Telepathy, formerly known as "deferred telepathy", [9] is described as being the transfer of information, through Psi, with an observable time-lag between transmission and receipt.[3]
Precognitive Telepathy is described as being the transfer of information, through Psi, about the future state of an individual's mind.[3]
Skepticism and controversy
The field which studies certain types of paranormal phenomena such as telepathy is called parapsychology. There is a consensus within that field that some instances of telepathy are real.[10][11] Skeptics say that instances of what seem to be telepathy are explained as the result of fraud or self-delusion and that telepathy does not exist as a paranormal power.[12]Parapsychologists and skeptics agree that many of the instances of more popular psychic phenomena such as mediumism, can be attributed to non-paranormal techniques such as cold reading.[13][14][15] Magicians such as Ian Rowland and Derren Brown have demonstrated techniques and results similar to those of popular psychics, but they proffer psychological explanations instead of paranormal ones. They have identified, described, and developed complex psychological techniques of cold reading and hot reading.
A technique which shows statistically significant evidence of telepathy on every occasion has yet to be discovered. This lack of reliable reproducibility has led skeptics to argue that there is no credible scientific evidence for the existence of telepathy at all.[16] Skeptics also point to historical cases in which were discovered flaws in experimental design and occasional cases of fraud.<ref name="skeptic" /> Parapsychologists such as Dean Radin, president of the Parapsychological Association, argues that the statistical significance and consistency of results shown by a meta-analysis of numerous studies provides evidence for telepathy that is almost impossible to account for using any other means.[8]
See also
)
Origin of the brain's magnetic field
- Empathy, one's ability to recognize, perceive and directly experientially feel the emotion of another
- Precognition, a form of extra-sensory perception involving seeing future events
- Parapsychology, the study of paranormal phenomena
- Psychokinesis, the use of mental power to move or affect objects
- Magnetoencephalography, measuring the magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain
- Neural oscillations, a concept similar to brain waves
- Extended mind, the concept that things frequently used by the mind become part of it
- Clairvoyance, a form of extra-sensory perception
- Mentalist, claims to manipulate and change spiritual reality
- Clever Hans, a horse that appeared to answer questions
- Body language or kinesics, another form of paralinguistics
- Seven Experiments That Could Change the World, proposals for future research
- Rupert Sheldrake, a pioneer in morphic resonance
- Telepathic animal communication, the ability to telepathically connect with a being of another species.
Notes
1. ^ Carroll, Robert Todd (2005). The Skeptic's Dictionary; Telepathy. SkepDic.com. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
2. ^ Following the model of sympathy and empathy.
3. ^ Glossary of Parapsychological terms - Telepathy — Parapsychological Association, Retrieved December 19, 2006
4. ^ Dvorsky, George (2004). Evolving Towards Telepathy. Betterhumans.com. Retrieved on 2006-10-24.
5. ^ TakeAway Media (2000). "Leviathan: Back to the Future: An interview with Kevin Warwick". BBC Two. Retrieved on 2006-10-24.
6. ^ Glossary of Parapsychological terms - ESP, Parapsychological Association, Retrieved December 19, 2006
7. ^ Carroll, Robert (2006-02-17). Zener ESP Cards. The Skeptic's Dictionary. Retrieved on 2006-07-18.
8. ^ The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena by Dean I. Radin Harper Edge, ISBN 0-06-251502-0
9. ^ Rennie, John (1845), "Test for Telepathy", Scientific American,V3#1 (1847-09-25)
10. ^ "What is parapsychology?" From the FAQ of the website of the Parapsychological Association, Retrieved February 3, 2007
11. ^ "What is the state-of-the-evidence for psi?" From the FAQ of the website of the Parapsychological Association, Retrieved February 3, 2007
12. ^ Skepdic.com on ESP, Retrieved February 22, 2007
13. ^ Eberhard Bauer: Criticism and Controversy in Parapsychology - An Overview. European Journal of Parapsychology (1984), 5, 141-166, Retrieved February 09, 2007.
14. ^ O',Keeffe, Ciarán and Wiseman Richard: Testing alleged mediumship: Methods and results. British Journal of Psychology (2005), 96, 165–17.
15. ^ Rowland, Ian: The Full Facts Book of Cold Reading
16. ^ See for examples, Randi, James. Flim-Flam! Psychics, ESP, Unicorns, and Other Delusions. Prometheus Books (June 1982) ISBN-10: 0879751983 or
Charpak, Georges and Henri Broch. Translated by Bart K. Holland. Debunked!: ESP, Telekinesis, and Other Pseudoscience. The Johns Hopkins University Press (March 25, 2004), ISBN-10: 0801878675
2. ^ Following the model of sympathy and empathy.
3. ^ Glossary of Parapsychological terms - Telepathy — Parapsychological Association, Retrieved December 19, 2006
4. ^ Dvorsky, George (2004). Evolving Towards Telepathy. Betterhumans.com. Retrieved on 2006-10-24.
5. ^ TakeAway Media (2000). "Leviathan: Back to the Future: An interview with Kevin Warwick". BBC Two. Retrieved on 2006-10-24.
6. ^ Glossary of Parapsychological terms - ESP, Parapsychological Association, Retrieved December 19, 2006
7. ^ Carroll, Robert (2006-02-17). Zener ESP Cards. The Skeptic's Dictionary. Retrieved on 2006-07-18.
8. ^ The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena by Dean I. Radin Harper Edge, ISBN 0-06-251502-0
9. ^ Rennie, John (1845), "Test for Telepathy", Scientific American,V3#1 (1847-09-25)
10. ^ "What is parapsychology?" From the FAQ of the website of the Parapsychological Association, Retrieved February 3, 2007
11. ^ "What is the state-of-the-evidence for psi?" From the FAQ of the website of the Parapsychological Association, Retrieved February 3, 2007
12. ^ Skepdic.com on ESP, Retrieved February 22, 2007
13. ^ Eberhard Bauer: Criticism and Controversy in Parapsychology - An Overview. European Journal of Parapsychology (1984), 5, 141-166, Retrieved February 09, 2007.
14. ^ O',Keeffe, Ciarán and Wiseman Richard: Testing alleged mediumship: Methods and results. British Journal of Psychology (2005), 96, 165–17.
15. ^ Rowland, Ian: The Full Facts Book of Cold Reading
16. ^ See for examples, Randi, James. Flim-Flam! Psychics, ESP, Unicorns, and Other Delusions. Prometheus Books (June 1982) ISBN-10: 0879751983 or
Charpak, Georges and Henri Broch. Translated by Bart K. Holland. Debunked!: ESP, Telekinesis, and Other Pseudoscience. The Johns Hopkins University Press (March 25, 2004), ISBN-10: 0801878675
External links
- Evolving Towards Telepathy – an article on the potential for technologically endowed telepathy, or "techlepathy"
- California Institute of Technology study using implanted electrodes in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vPF), yielding findings on predicting the intentions of subjects to make movements
- PDF article in Nature Neuroscience on "Spatial selectivity in human ventrolateral prefrontal cortex"
- Quantum Physicist Nick Herbert Ponders Instantaneous Communication
- Primary Quantum Model of Telepathy (PDF)
- Soal-Goldney Experiment - a critical evaluation of the Soal-Goldney Experiment, which claimed to prove the existence of telepathy
Parapsychology
| |
|---|---|
| Topics | Remote viewing Clairvoyance - Extra-sensory perception - Near-death experience - Psychic - Psychokinesis - Telepathy - Psiology - Ganzfeld experiment - Apparitional experience |
| Organizations | Society for Psychical Research - American Society for Psychical Research - Parapsychological Association - Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory - National Laboratory of Psychical Research - IANDS |
| People | Dean Radin - Susan Blackmore - Alister Hardy - Ray Hyman - William James - Raymond Moody - Andrew Nichols - Tommaso Palamidessi - James Randi - Joseph Banks Rhine - Rupert Sheldrake - Michael Shermer - Russel Targ - Charles Tart - Jessica Utts - Karl Zener |
| Publications | Journal of Parapsychology - Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research |
Psi is a term for parapsychological phenomena derived from the Greek, psi, twenty-third letter of the Greek alphabet; from the Greek psyche, "mind, soul".
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Extra-Sensory Perception (ESP) is defined as ability to acquire information by paranormal means independent of any known physical senses or deduction from previous experience. The term was coined by Duke University researcher J. B.
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Anomalous cognition is a blanket term used to describe the transfer of information to a subject through means other than the 5 traditional senses. It is usually used in relation to telepathy, clairvoyance, remote viewing, and other phenomona said to be evidence of extra-sensory
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ganzfeld experiment (from the German for “entire field”) is a technique used in the field of parapsychology to test individuals for extra-sensory perception (ESP).
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Psi is a term for parapsychological phenomena derived from the Greek, psi, twenty-third letter of the Greek alphabet; from the Greek psyche, "mind, soul".
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The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a non-profit organization which started in the United Kingdom and later acquired branches in other countries. Its stated purpose is to understand "events and abilities commonly described as psychic or paranormal by promoting and
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The term psychokinesis (from the Greek ψυχή, "psyche", meaning mind, soul, or breath; and κίνησις, "kinesis", meaning motion; literally "movement from the mind")[1][2]
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Parapsychology (from the Greek: παρά para, "alongside" + psychology) is the study of ostensibly paranormal psychological phenomena. Phenomena studied include extra-sensory perception, psychokinesis, and survival of consciousness after death;
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superhero (also known as a super hero) is fictional character "of unprecedented, physical prowess dedicated to acts of derring-do in the public interest.” [1]
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A supervillain, or supervillainess, is a variant of the villain character type, commonly found in comic books, action movies and science fiction in various mediums. Supervillains typically concoct complex and ambitious schemes to accumulate power.
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superhero (also known as a super hero) is fictional character "of unprecedented, physical prowess dedicated to acts of derring-do in the public interest.” [1]
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A supervillain, or supervillainess, is a variant of the villain character type, commonly found in comic books, action movies and science fiction in various mediums. Supervillains typically concoct complex and ambitious schemes to accumulate power.
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In the fictional Star Trek universe, Betazoids are a sentient humanoid species from the planet Betazed, a member of the United Federation of Planets.
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Lyta Alexander
Affiliated with Psi Corps
Race Human
Home planet Earth
First appearance
Last appearance Objects in Motion
Portrayed by Patricia Tallman
Lyta Alexander
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Affiliated with Psi Corps
Race Human
Home planet Earth
First appearance
Last appearance Objects in Motion
Portrayed by Patricia Tallman
Lyta Alexander
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Babylon 5 is an epic American science fiction television series created, produced, and largely written by J. Michael Straczynski. The show centers on the Babylon 5 space station, a focal point for politics, diplomacy, and wars in the late 2250s and early 2260s.
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Matthew "Matt" Parkman is a fictional character in the 2006 NBC drama Heroes, played by Greg Grunberg. He has the ability to read minds.
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Martian Manhunter is the superhero alias of J'onn J'onzz, alternately known as the Manhunter from Mars, a fictional comic book superhero who was created by DC Comics. He first appeared in the back-up story "The Strange Experiment of Dr.
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Subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc.
Founded 1934, by Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson (as National Allied Publications)
Headquarters 1700 Broadway, New York City, New York
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Firefly character
River Tam
Gender Female
Born circa 2500
Homeworld Osiris
Occupation Fugitive, occasional accomplice to illegal acts
Notable relatives Gabriel Tam (father)
Regan Tam (mother)
Simon Tam (brother)
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River Tam
Gender Female
Born circa 2500
Homeworld Osiris
Occupation Fugitive, occasional accomplice to illegal acts
Notable relatives Gabriel Tam (father)
Regan Tam (mother)
Simon Tam (brother)
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Firefly is an American science fiction television series created by writer/director Joss Whedon, creator of Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel, under his Mutant Enemy Productions.
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Charles Francis Xavier, also known as Professor X, is a fictional Marvel Comics superhero, known as the leader and founder of the X-Men. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, he first appeared in X-Men #1 (September 1963).
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A subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment
Founded 1939 by Martin Goodman, as Timely Comics
Headquarters 417 5th Avenue, New York City, New York
Key people Joe Quesada, Editor-in-chief
Dan Buckley, Publisher, C.O.O.
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Robert A. Heinlein
Heinlein signing autographs at the 1976 Worldcon
Born: July 7 1907
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Carmel, California,USA
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Heinlein signing autographs at the 1976 Worldcon
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Butler, Missouri, USA
Died: May 8 1988 (aged 82)
Carmel, California,USA
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