Information about Prequel
A prequel is a work that portrays events which include the structure, conventions, and/or characters of a previously completed narrative, but occur at an earlier time. The word is a neologism, formed as a portmanteau from pre-, meaning before, and sequel, a work which takes place after a previous one. While the word is an etymological aberration ("sequel" derives from "sequence" – Latin: sequor – there is no such thing as a "prequor") its meaning is easily grasped and it has passed into common usage. The correct term should be protosequel, as adopted in other languages, like the Spanish "protosecuela".
According to OED the word prequel first appeared in print in 1958 in an article by Anthony Boucher in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. It appears to have first come into general use in the early 1970s, in which its first known, traceable use is in the original press pack for The Godfather Part II,[1] where it is used to describe the sections of the film which take place before the events of The Godfather.
According to IMDb, the first prequel in film was The Nightcomers (1972)[2] based on the book by Henry James, prequeling all the previously made movies based on his novel The Turn of the Screw.
Francis Ford Coppola credits George Lucas with devising the term which Lucas and Steven Spielberg later used to describe their joint project Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (which also occurred before the events of the first Indiana Jones film) during publicity for its release.
Lucas's own Star Wars prequel trilogy greatly popularized the term in American culture.[3]
Another popular cinematic prequel is The Godfather, Part II. This film is both sequel and prequel, since it intercuts the further story of the Corleone mafia family under the leadership of Michael Corleone with the story of his father Vito Corleone in his youth.
Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. Often, they explain the background which led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not as explicit. Sometimes, prequels play on the fact that the audience knows what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony.
The idea of a prequel is not new. The libretti for the four operas of Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle – Das Rheingold, Die Walküre, Siegfried and Götterdämmerung – were written in reverse order, making each opera a prequel to the preceding one.
Another example of a prequel in C. S. Lewis' The Chronicles of Narnia is The Magician's Nephew, a prequel to The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe which was written first. Though originally they were unplanned and unnumbered, many newer publications of the series order them chronologically in regards to the storyline. There is debate as to whether this was an appropriate change.
The term prequel is often used to describe any work with a sequel. This is contrary to the term's original meaning, which defines a prequel as a type of sequel, not the converse of a sequel. For example, (Episode I, 1999) is a prequel to (Episode VI, 1983), but not to (Episode II, 2002).
Batman Begins is sometimes mistakenly said to be a prequel to four earlier Batman films: Batman, Batman Returns, Batman Forever and Batman & Robin. However, the film has no connection to the Tim Burton / Joel Schumacher franchise and the film even has a sequel coming out in 2008 titled The Dark Knight, which will feature The Joker who has appeared before in the original.
According to OED the word prequel first appeared in print in 1958 in an article by Anthony Boucher in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. It appears to have first come into general use in the early 1970s, in which its first known, traceable use is in the original press pack for The Godfather Part II,[1] where it is used to describe the sections of the film which take place before the events of The Godfather.
According to IMDb, the first prequel in film was The Nightcomers (1972)[2] based on the book by Henry James, prequeling all the previously made movies based on his novel The Turn of the Screw.
Francis Ford Coppola credits George Lucas with devising the term which Lucas and Steven Spielberg later used to describe their joint project Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (which also occurred before the events of the first Indiana Jones film) during publicity for its release.
Lucas's own Star Wars prequel trilogy greatly popularized the term in American culture.[3]
Another popular cinematic prequel is The Godfather, Part II. This film is both sequel and prequel, since it intercuts the further story of the Corleone mafia family under the leadership of Michael Corleone with the story of his father Vito Corleone in his youth.
Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. Often, they explain the background which led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not as explicit. Sometimes, prequels play on the fact that the audience knows what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony.
The idea of a prequel is not new. The libretti for the four operas of Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle – Das Rheingold, Die Walküre, Siegfried and Götterdämmerung – were written in reverse order, making each opera a prequel to the preceding one.
Another example of a prequel in C. S. Lewis' The Chronicles of Narnia is The Magician's Nephew, a prequel to The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe which was written first. Though originally they were unplanned and unnumbered, many newer publications of the series order them chronologically in regards to the storyline. There is debate as to whether this was an appropriate change.
The term prequel is often used to describe any work with a sequel. This is contrary to the term's original meaning, which defines a prequel as a type of sequel, not the converse of a sequel. For example, (Episode I, 1999) is a prequel to (Episode VI, 1983), but not to (Episode II, 2002).
Batman Begins is sometimes mistakenly said to be a prequel to four earlier Batman films: Batman, Batman Returns, Batman Forever and Batman & Robin. However, the film has no connection to the Tim Burton / Joel Schumacher franchise and the film even has a sequel coming out in 2008 titled The Dark Knight, which will feature The Joker who has appeared before in the original.
List of prequels
Literature
| Prequel | Original |
|---|---|
| Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) | Jane Eyre (1947) |
| The Magician's Nephew (1955) | The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1950) |
| The Silmarillion (1977)[4] | The Hobbit (1937) The Lord of the Rings (1954 - 1955) |
| The Dark Elf Trilogy (1990, 1991) | The Icewind Dale Trilogy (1988, 1989, 1990) |
| First King of Shannara | The Sword of Shannara (1977) |
|
Prelude to Foundation (1988) Forward the Foundation (1993) | Foundation (1951) |
|
Prelude to Dune (1999–2001) Legends of Dune (2002–2004) | Dune (1965) |
| Wicked (1995) | The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) |
| New Spring (1999) | The Wheel of Time (1990–) |
| Hannibal Rising (2006) | Red Dragon (1981) The Silence of the Lambs (1988) Hannibal (1999) |
| Ecotopia Emerging (1981) | Ecotopia (1975) |
Plays
| Prequel | Original |
|---|---|
| The Mystery of Hamlet King of Denmark (1949) | Hamlet (circa 1600) |
Films
| Prequel(s) | Original(s) |
|---|---|
| The Godfather Part II (1974)[5] | The Godfather (1972) |
| (1979) | Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) |
| Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) | Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) |
| (1999) (2002) (2005) |
(1977) (1980) (1983) |
| The Little Mermaid III (2008) |
The Little Mermaid (1989) (2000) |
| The Scorpion King (2002) |
The Mummy (1999) The Mummy Returns (2001) |
| Hannibal Rising (2007) | Manhunter (1986) The Silence of the Lambs (1991) Hannibal (2001) |
| (2003) | Dumb & Dumber (1994) |
|
Infernal Affairs II (2003) Infernal Affairs III (2003)[6] | Infernal Affairs (2002) |
| (2003) |
Tremors (1990) (1996) (2001) |
| The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000) | The Flintstones (1994) |
| (2005) |
Stitch! The Movie (2003) (2003-2006) |
| (1982) | ''The Amityville Horror (1979 film) |
| (2000) |
From Dusk Till Dawn (1996) (1999) |
| Cruel Intentions 2 (2000) | Cruel Intentions (1999) |
| Ginger Snaps Back (2004) |
Ginger Snaps (2000) (2004) |
| Alien vs. Predator (2004)[7] (2007) |
Alien (1979) Aliens (1986) Alien³ (1993) (1997) |
|
(2004)[8] (2005)<ref name="exorcist" /> | The Exorcist (1973) |
| Cube Zero (2004) | Cube (1997) (2002) |
| (2005) | Carlito's Way (1993) |
| (2006) | The Texas Chinsaw Massacre (2003) |
| The Chronicles of Riddick | |
| (2000) (Japanese Version) |
Ring (1998) Rasen (1999) Ring 2 (1999) |
| The Ring 3 (2007) (American Version) |
The Ring (2002) The Ring Two (2005) |
Television
| Prequel | Original(s) |
|---|---|
| (2001–2005) |
(1966–1969) (1973–1974) (1987–1994) (1993–1999) (1995–2001) |
| First of the Summer Wine (1988–89) | Last of the Summer Wine (1973–) |
| Endless Road SSX (1982) | Space Pirate Captain Harlock (1978–1979) |
| Etheria (2005–) | Encantadia (May 2005–December 2005) |
| Caprica (2008) | Battlestar Galactica (miniseries) (2003) Battlestar Galactica (2004–) |
| Clifford's Puppy Days (2003 - current) | Clifford the Big Red Dog (2001 - 2003) |
| Young Hercules (1998 - 1999) | (1995 - 1999) |
Computer and video games
| Prequel(s) | Original(s) |
|---|---|
|
(1995) Yoshi's Story (1998) Yoshi's Touch & Go (2005) Yoshi's Island DS (2006) |
Super Mario Bros. (1985) Super Mario Bros. 2 (1988) Super Mario Bros. 3 (1990) Super Mario World (1991) Super Mario 64 (1996) |
|
(2004) (2006) |
Metal Gear (1987) (1990) Metal Gear Solid (1998) (2001) (2008) |
| (TBA) |
Dead or Alive (1996) Dead or Alive 2 (1999) Dead or Alive 3 (2001) Dead or Alive 4 (2005) |
| (1991) (sequel to A Link to a Past) (1993) |
The Legend of Zelda (1986) (1987) |
| (1998) | (1991) |
| (2005) |
(2002) (2004) |
|
Compilation of Final Fantasy VII (2004) (TBA) |
Final Fantasy 7 (1997) Final Fantasy VII Advent Children (2005) (2006) |
| (2005) |
Devil May Cry (2001) Devil May Cry 2 (2003) Devil May Cry 4 (2007) |
| Resident Evil Zero (2002) |
Resident Evil (1996) Resident Evil 2 (1998) (1999) (2000) Resident Evil 4 (2005) Resident Evil 5 (2009) |
|
Suikoden IV (2005) Suikoden Tactics (2005) Suikoden V (2006) |
Suikoden (1996) Suikoden II (1999) Suikoden III (2002) |
| Samurai Shodown V (2005) |
Samurai Shodown (1993) Samurai Shodown III (1995) Samurai Shodown IV (1996) Samurai Shodown II (1994) |
| Tenchu 2: Birth of the Stealth Assassins (2000) | Tenchu: Stealth Assassins (1998) |
| Halo Wars (TBA) |
(2001) Halo 2 (2004) Halo 3 (2007) |
| (1997) |
Mortal Kombat (1992) Mortal Kombat 2 (1993) Mortal Kombat 3 (1995) Mortal Kombat 4 (1997) |
|
(2002) (2004) Grand Theft Auto Advance (2004) (2005) (2006) | Grand Theft Auto III (2001) |
| (1996) | (1995) |
| (2003) |
Fatal Frame (2002) |
| (1996) | Lufia and The Fortress of Doom (1993) |
| (2006) | (2004) |
| (2004) |
(2000) (2002) |
| (2006) | (1999, 2006) |
| Tales of Symphonia (2004) | Tales of Phantasia (1994, 1998, 2003) |
| (2003) | (2002) |
| Battletoads (Game Boy) (1992) | Battletoads (released as Battletoads in Ragnarok World on Game Boy) (1991) |
| Dragon Quest III (1988) |
Dragon Quest I (1986) Dragon Quest II (1987) |
| Dragon Quest Yangus (2006) | Dragon Quest VIII (2004) |
| Zork Zero (1988) |
'' Zork I (1980) '' Zork II (1981) '' Zork III (1982) |
| Perfect Dark Zero (2005) | Perfect Dark (2000) |
|
(2003) Castlevania Legends (prequel to Dracula's Curse, later retconned) (1997) (1990) (sequel to ''Dracula's Curse) (2005) (1989) (sequel to The Adventure) (1991) |
Castlevania (plus remakes) (1986) (1987) (2002) Akumajō Dracula X Chi no Rondo (remade as ) (1993) (sequel to Dracula X) (1997) (2001) (prequel to Castlevania 64) (2000) Castlevania (also known as Castlevania 64) (1999) (1994) (sequel to Bloodlines) (2006) (2003) (2005) |
(){kind=small} 2005, ){kind=small} 2006) | ( 2004, 2005) |
| (2005) |
( 1992, 1993) ( 1994, 1995) |
| Daxter (2006) | Jak II (2003) |
Manga and anime
| Prequel(s) | Original(s) |
|---|---|
| Fist of the Blue Sky (2001-current) | Fist of the North Star (1983-1988) |
| Rozen Maiden: Ouvertüre (2006) |
Rozen Maiden (2004) Rozen Maiden: Träumend (2005–2006) |
| (2001–current) | Hellsing (1997–current) |
Cross-media
| Prequel(s) | Original(s) |
|---|---|
| (1992) (film) | Twin Peaks (1990-1991) (television series) |
| (1985, 1986) (animated television series) |
(1980) (film) (1983) (film) |
| The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1992-1996) (television series) |
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) (film) Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) (film) Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) (film) |
| (2001) (novel) |
(2001) (video game) (2003) (novel) Halo 2 (2004) (video game) Halo 3 (2007) (video game) |
|
(2003) (video game) (2004, 2005) (video game) |
(1999) (film) (2002) (film) (2005) (film) (1977) (film) (1980) (film) (1983) (film) |
| The Warriors (2005) (video game) | The Warriors (1979) (film) |
| (2005) (video game) |
The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) (film) (2005) (video game) |
| (2007) |
The Hills Have Eyes (2006) The Hills Have Eyes 2 (2007) |
See also
- Sequel
- Threquel
- Back story
- Retcon
- Film series
References
1. ^ [1]
2. ^ [2]
3. ^ "The term has recently slipped into common usage with its popularization by the advent of " wrote Chris Deever. Truth in Cinema, May 28, 2001
4. ^ Many would argue that the principal plot structures in The Silmarillion were devised long before The Hobbit, and that the latter was incorporated into an existing structure, meaning the work, although published later, is not a prequel in the strict sense of the word.
5. ^ The Godfather Part II is both a prequel and sequel to the original Godfather, as it portrays events that occurred before the first film and also after it.
6. ^ Exactly like the case of The Godfather Part II, Infernal Affairs III is both a prequel and sequel to the original film.
7. ^ Since Alien vs. Predator is set before the Alien movie series, but chronologically after the Predator series, this movie is both a sequel and a prequel.
8. ^ and are separate films that tell essentially the same story. See their respective articles for more information.
2. ^ [2]
3. ^ "The term has recently slipped into common usage with its popularization by the advent of " wrote Chris Deever. Truth in Cinema, May 28, 2001
4. ^ Many would argue that the principal plot structures in The Silmarillion were devised long before The Hobbit, and that the latter was incorporated into an existing structure, meaning the work, although published later, is not a prequel in the strict sense of the word.
5. ^ The Godfather Part II is both a prequel and sequel to the original Godfather, as it portrays events that occurred before the first film and also after it.
6. ^ Exactly like the case of The Godfather Part II, Infernal Affairs III is both a prequel and sequel to the original film.
7. ^ Since Alien vs. Predator is set before the Alien movie series, but chronologically after the Predator series, this movie is both a sequel and a prequel.
8. ^ and are separate films that tell essentially the same story. See their respective articles for more information.
neologism is a word, term, or phrase which has been recently created ("coined") — often to apply to new concepts, to synthesize pre-existing concepts, or to make older terminology sound more contemporary.
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A sequel is a work of fiction in literature, film, and other creative works that is produced after a completed work, and is set in the same "universe", but at a later time.
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Anthony Boucher (born William Anthony Parker White) (August 21, 1911 – April 29, 1968) was an American science fiction editor and writer of mystery novels and short stories. He was particularly influential as an editor.
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The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (later Fantasy & Science Fiction and usually referred to as just F&SF) is a digest-size American publication of science fiction and fantasy, first published in 1949 by Mystery House and then by Fantasy
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The Godfather Part II is a 1974 motion picture directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a script he co-wrote with Mario Puzo.
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The Godfather Part II is a 1974 motion picture directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a script he co-wrote with Mario Puzo.
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The GodFather is a Windows application that consistently renames, sorts or tags one's collection of audio files. It has features similar to iTunes in that it allows for album sorting by folder, and in alphabetical order based on the artist's name.
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The Turn of the Screw
Cover of 1999 Norton edition of The Turn of the Screw
Author Henry James
Country United Kingdom, United States
Language English
Genre(s) Novella, Gothic fiction
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Cover of 1999 Norton edition of The Turn of the Screw
Author Henry James
Country United Kingdom, United States
Language English
Genre(s) Novella, Gothic fiction
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Francis Ford Coppola
Francis Ford Coppola at Cannes 2001
Born March 7 1939
Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
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Francis Ford Coppola at Cannes 2001
Born March 7 1939
Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
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George Lucas
Birth name George Walton Lucas Jr.
Born May 14 1944
Modesto, California, U.S.
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Birth name George Walton Lucas Jr.
Born May 14 1944
Modesto, California, U.S.
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Steven Spielberg
Birth name Steven Allan Spielberg
Born November 18 1946
Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
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Birth name Steven Allan Spielberg
Born November 18 1946
Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
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Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is an 1984 adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg. First released on May 23, 1984, it is a prequel to the hugely successful adventure movie
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Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is an 1984 adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg. First released on May 23, 1984, it is a prequel to the hugely successful adventure movie
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Story:
George Lucas
Philip Kaufman
Starring Harrison Ford
Karen Allen
Paul Freeman
Ronald Lacey
Wolf Kahler
Music by John Williams
Cinematography Douglas Slocombe
Editing by Michael Kahn
Distributed by Paramount Pictures
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George Lucas
Philip Kaufman
Starring Harrison Ford
Karen Allen
Paul Freeman
Ronald Lacey
Wolf Kahler
Music by John Williams
Cinematography Douglas Slocombe
Editing by Michael Kahn
Distributed by Paramount Pictures
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A trilogy is a set of three works of art, usually literature, film, or video games that are connected and can be seen as a single work, as well as three individual ones.
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The Godfather Part II is a 1974 motion picture directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a script he co-wrote with Mario Puzo.
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The Godfather Part II is a 1974 motion picture directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a script he co-wrote with Mario Puzo.
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A sequel is a work of fiction in literature, film, and other creative works that is produced after a completed work, and is set in the same "universe", but at a later time.
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Michael Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novels, The Godfather and The Sicilian. He is also the main character of the film trilogy that was directed by Francis Ford Coppola, in which he was portrayed by Al Pacino.
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Vito Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel The Godfather, as well as Francis Ford Coppola's trilogy of films based on it. In the first film, he was portrayed by Marlon Brando.
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libretto is the text used in an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, sacred or secular oratorio and cantata, musical, and ballet. The term "libretto" is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as mass and requiem.
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Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or "music dramas" as they were later called).
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Der Ring des Nibelungen, (The Ring of the Nibelung), is a cycle of four epic music dramas by the German composer Richard Wagner. The operas are based loosely on characters from the Norse sagas and the Nibelungenlied.
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Das Rheingold ("The Rhine Gold") is the first of the four operas that comprise Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), by Richard Wagner. It received its premiere at the National Theatre in Munich on 22 September 1869, with August Kindermann in the role of
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Die Walküre (The Valkyrie) is the second of the four operas that comprise Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), by Richard Wagner. It received its premiere at Munich's National Theatre on 26 June 1870.
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Siegfried is the third of the four operas that comprise Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), by Richard Wagner. It received its premiere at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus on 16 August 1876, as part of the first complete performance of
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Götterdämmerung ("Twilight of the Gods" – see Notes) is the last of the four operas that comprise Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), by Richard Wagner.
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