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Information about Oxygen Mask

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A plastic oxygen mask on an ER patient.
An oxygen mask provides a method to transfer breathing oxygen gas from a storage tank to the lungs. Oxygen masks may cover the nose and mouth (oral nasal mask) or the entire face (full face mask). They may be made of plastic, silicone, or rubber.

Medical plastic oxygen masks

Plastic masks are used primarily by medical care providers for oxygen therapy as they are disposable and reduce cleaning costs. As they are light in weight they are accepted by many patients who may feel uncomfortable wearing an oxygen mask. Plastic masks also allow medical care providers to see through the mask to the face of a patient and determine if they are in distress.

Silicone and rubber oxygen masks

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Breathing 100 % oxygen from a tight fitting aviators oxygen mask
Silicone and rubber oxygen masks are heavier than plastic masks, they are designed to provide a tight fit without leakage for long duration oxygen breathing by aviators, medical researchers, and hyperbaric chamber or other patients that require administration of 100% oxygen such as carbon monoxide poisoning victims. Valves inside these tight fitting masks control the flow of oxygen into the mask and exhalation from the mask,so that rebreathing of exhalation gas is not possible thus insuring inhalation of 100% oxygen.

Hoses and tubing / oxygen regulators

Hoses or tubing connect an oxygen mask to the oxygen supply. When hose is used it may have a ribbed or corrugated design to prevent twisting and cutting off the oxygen flow. The quantity of oxygen delivered from the storage tank to the oxygen mask is controlled by a valve called a regulator. Some types of oxygen masks have a breathing bag made of plastic or rubber attached to the mask or oxygen supply hose to store a supply of oxygen to allow deep breathing without waste of oxygen with use of simple fixed flow regulators.

Aviators oxygen masks

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Aviators pressure demand oxygen mask showing sponge rubber facial seal and inhalation valves, the exhalation valve is to the bottom of the mask center
Three main kinds of oxygen masks are used by pilots and crews who fly at high altitudes.

Continuous flow masks supply a continuous flow of oxygen to the mask. The mask is usually equipped with a "rebreather bag" (recognizable from airline demonstrations), which recycles part of the exhaled air and saves oxygen. This type of mask is used by general aviation aircraft flying above 12'500 feet MSL (up to about 25'000 MSL) and for airline passengers.

"Diluter demand" and "Pressure demand" masks supply oxygen only when the user inhales. They both require an airtight seal between the mask and the user's face.

Diluter demand oxygen masks supply oxygen on demand. As the user inhales a demand oxygen regulator opens a valve and supplies the amount of oxygen required for the altitude. As the altitude increases the amount of oxygen delivered by the regulator also increases to 100 percent oxygen. Diluter demand oxygen mask systems are used up to 32 thousand feet altitude.

With a pressure demand system, 100 percent oxygen can be forced by a pressure demand regulator into the lungs of aviators using these masks above 34 thousand feet altitude, as continuous flow or diluter demand oxygen regulators cannot provide enough oxygen at this altitude even though they may supply 100 percent oxygen. Inhalation of oxygen from a mask fitted to a pressure demand regulator is easy but exhalation requires more effort. Aviators are trained on the pressure demand breathing method in an altitude chamber. Because of their tight fit, pressure demand type aviator oxygen masks are often used in hyperbaric oxygen chambers and for oxygen breathing research projects with standard oxygen regulators.

Aviation passenger oxygen masks and aircraft emergency oxygen systems

Main article: Emergency oxygen system
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Oxygen masks dropping


Most commercial aircraft are fitted with oxygen masks for use in emergencies where the cabin pressurisation system is faulty, or where a problem has resulted in sudden decompression. In general, commercial aircraft are pressurized at a maximum cabin altitude equivalent to about 8,000 feet, where it is possible to breathe normally without an oxygen mask. If the oxygen pressure in the cabin drops below a safe level, risking hypoxia, compartments containing the oxygen masks will open automatically, either above or in front of the passenger and crew seats, and in the lavatories.

Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)

Firefighters and emergency service workers use full face masks that provide breathing air and eye and face protection. These masks are typically attached to a tank carried upon the back of the wearer and are called self-contained breathing apparatuses (SCBA). Because oxygen breathing is hazardous in areas where fires may be burning, SCBA units are normally filled with compressed breathing air rather than oxygen.

Specialized oxygen masks for divers and astronauts

Specialized full face masks that supply oxygen or other breathing gases are used by divers and astronauts to remove nitrogen from their bloodstream prior to space walks (EVA) or underwater decompression.

Oxygen masks for high altitude climbers

Oxygen masks are used by climbers of high peaks such as Mt. Everest. Oxygen tanks called "bottles", used by climbers are made of lightweight high strength metals and are covered by spun high strength fabric threads such as kevlar. The special bottles are filled with oxygen at very high pressures. The higher pressures allow the bottles a longer lasting supply of oxygen. Oxygen masks used by climbers are designed to optimize the oxygen bottle supply rather then provide 100% oxygen and allow a climber supplemental oxygen for a extended period.

Oxygen mask retention systems

Medical oxygen masks are held in place by medical personnel or the user by hand, or they may be fitted with a light weight elastic headband so the mask can be removed quickly. Full face masks are secured by head strap harnesses with several straps that create a web around the head.. Tight fitting oxygen masks are secured upon the face by the 4 point head strap system with two head straps securing the mask at 4 places upon the mask to the face. Aviators pressure breathing oxygen masks are often equipped with "quick don" head harnesses that allow pilots and crews flying in pressurized aircraft to rapidly don their oxygen masks in an emergency. Military aviators oxygen masks are secured to flight helments by quick release retention methods.

See also

References

2, −1
(neutral oxide)
Electronegativity 3.44 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 1313.9 kJmol−1
2nd: 3388.3 kJmol−1
3rd: 5300.5 kJmol−1

Atomic radius 60 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.[1]]]

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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Plastic is the general term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic polymerization products. They are composed of organic condensation or addition polymers and may contain other substances to improve performance or economics.
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Not to be confused with the element silicon.


Silicones (more accurately called polymerized siloxanes or polysiloxanes) are mixed inorganic-organic polymers with the chemical formula [R2SiO]n
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Natural rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer that naturally occurs as a milky colloidal suspension, or latex, in the sap of some plants. It can also be synthesized. The entropy model of rubber was developed in 1934 by Werner Kuhn.
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Medicine is the science and "" of maintaining and/or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of patients. The term is derived from the Latin ars medicina meaning the art of healing.
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Oxygen therapy is the administration of oxygen as a therapeutic modality. Oxygen therapy benefits the patient by increasing the supply of oxygen to the lungs and thereby increasing the availability of oxygen to the body tissues.
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Aviator (common usage term: pilot, regulatory usage term: airman) is a person qualified in the operation of aircraft, whether for pleasure or as a profession.
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Hyperbaric medicine, also known as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the medical use of oxygen at a higher than atmospheric pressure.

Uses

Several therapeutic principles are made use of in HBOT:

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Carbon monoxide poisoning
Classification & external resources

Spacefilling model of Carbon monoxide.
ICD-10 T 58.
ICD-9 986

DiseasesDB 2020
MedlinePlus 002804
eMedicine emerg/817  

MeSH C21.613.455.
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valve is a device that regulates the flow of substances (either gases, fluidized solids, slurries, or liquids) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically pipe fittings, but usually are discussed separately.
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Exhalation (or expiration) is the movement of air out of the bronchial tubes, through the airways, to the external environment during breathing.

Exhaled air is rich in carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration during the production of ATP.
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Inhalation (also known as inspiration) is the movement of air from the external environment, through the airways, into the alveoli during breathing.

Inhalation begins with the onset of contraction of the diaphragm, which results in expansion of the intrapleural space
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Regulator may refer to:
  • Regulator (automatic control), a device which has the function of maintaining a designated characteristic. For example, a voltage regulator maintains a constant voltage when the input is variable.

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Aviator (common usage term: pilot, regulatory usage term: airman) is a person qualified in the operation of aircraft, whether for pleasure or as a profession.
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A hypobaric chamber, or altitude chamber, is a chamber used during aerospace or high terrestrial altitude research or training to simulate the effects of high altitude on the human body, especially hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypobaria (low ambient air pressure).
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Aircraft emergency oxygen systems are emergency equipment fitted to commercial aircraft, intended for use when the cabin pressurisation system has failed and the level of oxygen in the cabin atmosphere drops below a safe level.
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Commercial aviation is the part of civil aviation (both general aviation and scheduled airline service) that involves operating aircraft for hire. In most countries, a flight may be operated for money only if it meets three criteria:

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Decompression has several meanings:
  • in physics, decompression is the release of pressure and is the opposition of physical compression
  • in medicine and aviation, decompression can refer to decompression sickness

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Commercial aviation is the part of civil aviation (both general aviation and scheduled airline service) that involves operating aircraft for hire. In most countries, a flight may be operated for money only if it meets three criteria:

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Cabin pressurization is the active pumping of air into an aircraft cabin to increase the air pressure within the cabin. It is required when an aircraft reaches high altitudes, because the natural atmospheric pressure is too low to allow people to absorb sufficient oxygen, leading
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1 foot =
SI units
0 m 0 mm
US customary / Imperial units
0 yd 0 in
A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′
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For other uses of the term "hypoxia", see hypoxia.


Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalised hypoxia) or region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply.
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firefighter (also called a fireman or firewoman, although these terms have gone out of use in many countries) is trained and equipped to extinguish fires. Increasingly a firefighter is also a rescuer, trained and equipped to rescue people from car accidents, collapsed
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Emergency services are organisations that that ensure public safety by addressing different emergencies. Some agencies exist solely for addressing certain types of emergencies whilst others deal with ad hoc emergencies as part of their normal responsibilities.
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self contained breathing apparatus, or SCBA, sometimes referred to as a Compressed Air Breaching Apparatus (CABA) or simply Breathing Apparatus (BA) is a device worn by rescue workers, firefighters, and others to provide breathable air in a hostile environment.
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Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas. Other artificial gases, either pure gases or mixtures of gases, are used in breathing equipment and enclosed habitats such as SCUBA equipment, surface supplied diving equipment, recompression chambers, submarines, space suits,
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Underwater diving is the practice of going underwater with or without breathing apparatus.

Recreational diving is a popular activity (also called sports diving or subaquatics).
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astronaut or cosmonaut (Russian: космона́вт IPA: [kəsmʌˈnaft]
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Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) is work done by an astronaut away from the Earth and outside of a spacecraft. The term most commonly applies to an EVA made outside a craft orbiting Earth (a spacewalk) but also applies to an EVA made on the surface of the Moon (a
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