Information about Saqaliba
Arabic: صقالبة, sg. Siqlabi) refers to the Slavs, particularly Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and al-Andalus. The Arabic term is a Byzantine loanword: saqlab, siklab, saqlabi etc. is a corruption of Greek Sklavinoi for "Slav".
The Arab chronicler Ibn al-Faqih wrote that there were two types of saqaliba: those with swarthy skin and dark hair that live by the sea and those with light skin that live farther inland. It was typical among Middle Easterners to have a somewhat vague notion of ethnic distinctions between Slavs.
There were several major routes of the trade of Slav slaves into the Muslim world: through Central Asia (Mongols, Tatars, Khazars, etc.), through the Mediterranean (Byzantium), through Central and Western Europe to Spain and further to North Africa (Morocco, Egypt). The Volga trade route and other European routes, according to Ibrahim ibn Jakub, were serviced by Radanites, Jewish merchants. Theophanes mentions that the Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I settled a whole army of 5,000 Slavic mercenaries in Syria in the 660s.
In the Muslim world, Saqaliba served in a multitude of ways: servants, eunuchs, craftsmen, soldiers, and even as caliph's guards. Many of them became prominent, and unlike millions of nameless slaves, their fate is generally known. In Iberia, Morocco, Damascus and Sicily their role may be compared with that of mamluks in the Ottoman Empire. Some Saqāliba even became rulers of taifas (principalities) in Iberia after the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba.
As mentioned above, Arabs had vague notions about ethnic differences beyond their immediate neighborhood, and it is quite possible that in some old texts "Saqaliba" may refer to other peoples of Eastern Europe, such as Germans and Scandinavians. In particular, Ibn Fadlan referred to the ruler of the Volga Bulgaria, Almış, as "King of the Saqaliba".
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The Arab chronicler Ibn al-Faqih wrote that there were two types of saqaliba: those with swarthy skin and dark hair that live by the sea and those with light skin that live farther inland. It was typical among Middle Easterners to have a somewhat vague notion of ethnic distinctions between Slavs.
There were several major routes of the trade of Slav slaves into the Muslim world: through Central Asia (Mongols, Tatars, Khazars, etc.), through the Mediterranean (Byzantium), through Central and Western Europe to Spain and further to North Africa (Morocco, Egypt). The Volga trade route and other European routes, according to Ibrahim ibn Jakub, were serviced by Radanites, Jewish merchants. Theophanes mentions that the Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I settled a whole army of 5,000 Slavic mercenaries in Syria in the 660s.
In the Muslim world, Saqaliba served in a multitude of ways: servants, eunuchs, craftsmen, soldiers, and even as caliph's guards. Many of them became prominent, and unlike millions of nameless slaves, their fate is generally known. In Iberia, Morocco, Damascus and Sicily their role may be compared with that of mamluks in the Ottoman Empire. Some Saqāliba even became rulers of taifas (principalities) in Iberia after the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba.
As mentioned above, Arabs had vague notions about ethnic differences beyond their immediate neighborhood, and it is quite possible that in some old texts "Saqaliba" may refer to other peoples of Eastern Europe, such as Germans and Scandinavians. In particular, Ibn Fadlan referred to the ruler of the Volga Bulgaria, Almış, as "King of the Saqaliba".
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Slavery is a social-economic system under which certain persons — known as slaves — are deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labour or services.
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The history of slavery covers many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures and throughout human history. Slavery, generally defined, refers to the systematic exploitation of labor for work and services without consent and/or the possession of other persons as
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Slavery as an institution in Mediterranean cultures of the ancient world comprised a mixture of debt-slavery, slavery as a punishment for crime, and the enslavement of prisoners of war.
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Slavery in the Bible
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Atlantic slave trade, also known as the Transatlantic slave trade, was the trade of African persons supplied to the colonies of the "New World" that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean. It lasted from the 16th century to the 19th century.
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The slave trade in Africa has existed for thousands of years. The first main route passed through the Sahara, tying in to the Arab slave trade. After the European Age of Exploration, African slaves became part of the Atlantic slave trade, from which comes the modern, Western
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The Arab slave trade refers to the practice of slavery in West Asia, North Africa and East Africa. The trade mostly involved North and East Africans and Middle Eastern peoples (Arabs, Berbers, Persians, etc.
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The trafficking of human beings is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people for the purpose of exploitation. Trafficking involves a process of using illicit means such as threat, use of force, or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of
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Sexual slavery is a special case of slavery which includes various different practices:
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- ritual slavery, sometimes associated with traditional religious practices
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Major forms
Racism
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Islamophobia
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Slavery · Racial profiling
Hate speech · Hate crime
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Servitude may refer to:
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Gulag ( , Russian: ГУЛАГ
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"Slaves" redirects here. For other uses, see Slavery.
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al-‘Arabiyyah in written Arabic (Kufic script):
Pronunciation: /alˌʕa.raˈbij.ja/
Spoken in: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman,
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Pronunciation: /alˌʕa.raˈbij.ja/
Spoken in: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman,
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A mercenary is a person who takes part in an armed conflict who is not a national of a Party to the conflict and "is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a Party to the conflict, material
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Slavery is a social-economic system under which certain persons — known as slaves — are deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labour or services.
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Arab World (Arabic: العالم العربي; Transliteration: al-`alam al-`arabi) stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea
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Regione Autonoma Siciliana
Map highlighting the location of Sicilia in Italy
Capital Palermo
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Map highlighting the location of Sicilia in Italy
Capital Palermo
President Salvatore Cuffaro
(UDC-CdL)
Provinces Agrigento
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Al-Andalus (Arabic: الأندلس al-andalus) was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims, or Moors, at various times in the period between 711 and 1492.
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Writing system: Greek alphabet
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