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Information about Rumbula

For the air base at Rumbula, see Rumbula (air base)


The Holocaust
Early elements
Racial policy Nazi eugenics Nuremberg Laws Forced euthanasia Concentration camps (list)
Jews
Jews in Nazi Germany, 1933 to 1939
Pogroms: Kristallnacht Bucharest Dorohoi Iaşi Kaunas Jedwabne Lww
Ghettos: Warsaw Łdź Lww Krakw Budapest Theresienstadt Kovno Wilno Łachwa
Einsatzgruppen: Babi Yar Rumbula Ponary Odessa
Final Solution: Wannsee Aktion Reinhard
Extermination camps: Auschwitz Bełżec Chełmno Majdanek Sobibr Treblinka Jasenovac
Resistance: Jewish partisans Ghetto uprisings (Warsaw)
End of World War II: Death marches Berihah Displaced persons
Other victims
Polish and Soviet Slavs (Poles) Serbs Roma Homosexuals
Responsible parties
Nazi Germany: Hitler Eichmann Heydrich Himmler SS Gestapo SA Collaborators Aftermath: Nuremberg TrialsReparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany Denazification
Lists
Survivors Victims Rescuers
Resources
The Destruction of the European Jews
Phases of the Holocaust
Functionalism vs. intentionalism
 •  • [ e]
Rumbula Forest is a pine forest enclave in Riga, Latvia, in which Jews were massacred during the Holocaust.

On two days, November 30, 1941 and December 8, 1941, 25,000 Jews were murdered in Rumbula Forest. Of them, 24,000 were Latvian Jews from the Riga Ghetto and 1,000 were German Jews transported to the forest by freight train. The systematic mass murder was carried out by the Nazi Einsatzgruppen with the help of the fascist collaborators of the Arājs commando, with support from other such Latvian auxiliaries.

These tens of thousands of Jews were ordered to disrobe in freezing weather to be shot in the back of the head at close range in pits that were mass graves. Two women survived. One of them, Frida Michelson, took advantage of a distraction and fell into the pit, feigning death among the dead bodies. She survived the war to write the book I Survived Rumbula, later translated into English and published by the US Holocaust Memorial Museum.

During the Holocaust, 90% of Latvia's Jews were murdered at Rumbula, Liepaja (Libau) and other locations. When the war turned against Germany, the bodies at the Rumbula Forest site were ordered dug up and burned. The site has been marked by a series of makeshift memorials over the years. A moving Rumbula memorial was dedicated in November 2002, 61 years after the killings.

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Rumbula is an air base in Latvia located 11 km southeast of Riga city centre. The airfield has had military use in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1960s it was used as temporary passenger airport for bigger planes till the new Riga International Airport was opened in 1973.
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The racial policy of Nazi Germany refers to the policies and laws implemented by Nazi Germany, asserting the superiority of the so-called "Aryan race" and based on a specific racist doctrine which claimed scientific legitimacy.
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Nazi eugenics pertains to Nazi Germany's race based social policies that placed the improvement of the race through eugenics at the center of their concerns and targeted those humans they identified as "life unworthy of life" (German Lebensunwertes Leben
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The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 were denaturalization laws passed in Nazi Germany. They used a pseudoscientific basis for racial discrimination against Jews. People with 4 German grandparents (white circles on the chart) were of "German blood", while people were classified as Jews if
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Action T4 (German: Aktion T4) was a program in Nazi Germany officially between 1939 and 1941, during which the regime of Adolf Hitler systematically killed between 75,000 to 250,000 people with intellectual or physical disabilities.
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concentration camps (Konzentrationslager, abbreviated KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled. In these camps, millions of prisoners were killed through mistreatment, disease, starvation, and overwork, or were executed as unfit for labor.
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Extermination camps are marked with pink, while major concentration camps of other types are marked with blue.

Camp Name Country (today) Camp Type In use Est. prisoners Est.
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World War II in known as one of the most tragic periods in the Jewish history.

In Nazi-occupied Europe

Main article: The Holocaust

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Kristallnacht, also known as Reichskristallnacht, Pogromnacht, Crystal Night and the Night of Broken Glass, was a pogrom[1] against Jews throughout Germany and parts of Austria on November 9–November 10, 1938.
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The Legionnaires' rebellion and the Bucharest pogrom occurred in Bucharest, Romania, between the 21 January and 23 January, 1941.

As the privileges of the Iron Guard were being cut off by Conducător (The Great Leader)
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On 1 July 1940, in the town of Dorohoi in Romania, Romanian military units carried out a pogrom against the local Jews, during which, according to an official Romanian report, 53 Jews were murdered, and dozens injured.
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The Kaunas pogrom was a massacre of Jewish people living in Kaunas, Lithuania that took place in June 1941.

Algirdas Klimaitis formed a military unit of roughly 600 members and engaged in the battles with Soviet army for the control of Kaunas.
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The Jedwabne pogrom (or Jedwabne massacre) (pronounced /jɛdvabnɛ/) was a massacre of Jewish people living in and near the town of Jedwabne in Poland that took place in July 1941 during World War II.
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During World War II ghettos were established by the Nazis to confine Jews and sometimes Gypsies into tightly packed areas of the cities of Eastern Europe turning them into de-facto concentration camps.
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Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of the Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany in the General Government during the Holocaust in World War II.

Between 1940 and 1943, starvation, disease and deportations to concentration camps and extermination camps dropped the population
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Budapest ghetto was a ghetto where Jews were forced to live in Budapest, Hungary during the Second World War. The area consisted of several blocks of the old Jewish quarter of the city surrounding the main synagogue, and was surrounded by a high fence and stone wall that was
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Concentration camp Theresienstadt (often referred to as Terezín) was a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. It was established by the Gestapo in the fortress and garrison city of Terezín (German name Theresienstadt), located in what is now the Czech Republic.
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The Kaunas Ghetto (also called the Kovno Ghetto) was a ghetto established by Nazi Germany to hold the Jews of the Lithuanian city of Kaunas during the Holocaust. At its peak, the Ghetto held 30,000 people, most of whom were later sent to concentration and extermination
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The Vilna Ghetto or Vilnius Ghetto was one of the Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany in the city of Vilnius during the Holocaust in World War II. During roughly 2 years of its existence, starvation, disease, street executions, maltreatment and deportations to
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Лахва
Lakhva
Location of Lakhva, within the Brest voblast
Coordinates:
Country
Subdivision Belarus
Lakhva
First settled 1500s
Elevation 108 m (0 ft)
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Einsatzgruppen (German for "task forces" or "intervention groups") were paramilitary groups formed by Heinrich Himmler and operated by the SS before and during World War II.
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Babi Yar (Ukrainian: Бабин яр, Babyn yar; Russian: Бабий яр, Babiy yar) is a ravine in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine.
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The Ponary massacre (or Paneriai massacre) was the mass-murder of about 100,000 people performed by German SD and SS and their subordinate Lithuanian[][][][]
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The Odessa massacre was the extermination of Jews in Odessa and surrounding towns in Transnistria during the autumn of 1941 and the winter of 1942 in a series of massacres and killings during the Holocaust by German and Romanian forces.
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Final Solution to the Jewish Question (German: Die Endlösung der Judenfrage) refers to the German Nazis' plan to engage in systematic genocide against the European Jewish population during World War II.
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The Wannsee Conference was a meeting of senior officials of the Nazi German regime, held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January 1942. The purpose of the conference was to inform senior Nazis and senior Governmental administrators of plans for the "Final
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Operation Reinhard (Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard in German) was the code name given to the Nazi plan to murder Polish Jews in the General Government, and marked the beginning of the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, the use of extermination camps.
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Extermination camps were one type of facility that Nazi Germany built during World War II for the systematic killing of millions of people in what has become known as the Holocaust.
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State Party  Poland
Type Cultural
Criteria vi
Reference 31
Region Europe and North America

Inscription History
Inscription 1979  (3rd Session)
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