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Information about Jerez De La Frontera

“Jerez” redirects here. For other uses, see Jerez (disambiguation).
Jerez de la Frontera
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Flag of Jerez de la Frontera
FlagCoat of Arms
Location

Location of Jerez de la Frontera
Coordinates :
Time Zone :
General information
Native nameJerez de la Frontera (Spanish)
Spanish nameJerez de la Frontera
Postal code11401 to 11409
Websitehttp://www.webjerez.com/
Administration
CountrySpain
Autonomous CommunityAndalusia
ProvinceCádiz
ComarcaCampiña de Jerez
MayorPilar Sánchez Muñoz (PSOE)
Geography
Land Area1.188,14 km
Altitude56 m AMSL
Population
Population199.544 (2007)
Density165,5 hab./km (2007)
Jerez de la Frontera is a municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southwestern Spain. As of 2005, the city had 196,275 inhabitants; it is the largest city in the province of Cádiz and the fifth largest in Andalusia. It has become the transportation and communications hub of the province, surpassing even Cádiz, the provincial capital, in economic activity. Jerez de la Frontera is also, in terms of land area, the largest municipality in the province, and its sprawling outlying areas are a fertile zone for agriculture. There are also many cattle ranches and horse-breeding operations.

The city's name

Even though there are two other cities in southern Spain named Jerez (Jerez de los Caballeros in Badajoz province and Jerez del Marquesado in Granada province), when one says "Jerez", it is more than likely that it is this city, Jerez de la Frontera, that is meant. In former times, during the Muslim occupation of Iberia, it was called Xerez or Xeres. Frontera in its name refers to its location on the border between the Moorish and Christian regions of Spain during that period. The name of the famous fortified wine, sherry, which originated here, is a corruption of the city's Arabic name, Sherish.

Points of interest

The capital of sherry wine, the horse, and flamenco, Jerez, situated midway between the sea and the mountains, has a wealth of appealing tourist attractions, many of them related to the three preoccupations that made the city famous. A visitor will wish to see the famed vineyards, stop at a sherry bodega to see how the fortified wine is made, and taste the product as well. Jerez is the home of the Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art, a riding school comparable to the world-famous Spanish Riding School in Vienna, Austria. Jerez, the city where flamenco singing began, is also proud of its Andalusian Centre of Flamenco. There are two museums of note: the Jerez Archaeological Museum and a watch museum.
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A sherry cellar in Jerez
The old quarter of Jerez, dating from medieval times, has been named an "Artistic Historic Complex". The Easter week celebrations in Jerez are of "National Touristic Interest", and its remarkable Horse Fair (Feria del Caballo) in May is an event of "International Touristic Interest".
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An Andalusian horse demonstrating the "Spanish walk"
Jerez is the home of the Xerez Club Deportivo football team. It is also the site of the motorsport track, Circuito Permanente de Jerez, where the annual Motorcycling Grand Prix is contested. The race course is a prime destination for Formula One teams who wish to perform off-season testing; it also hosted the highly controversial 1997 European Grand Prix.

The Jerez Airport is 10 km to the north of the city.

Sherry

Main article: Sherry

Origins

Making sherry

Impact on Jerezano culture

A devotion to the horse

The Andalusian horse

Maintaining the breeding stock

The annual horse fair

The Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art

The horse in bullfighting

Cultural impact of the horse in Jerez

The Flamenco

History of Jerez

Early history

The Middle Ages

The Jews of Jerez

It had a Jewish community with a separate Juderia as early as the time of the Moors. When Alfonso X., the Wise, conquered the city in Oct., 1264, he assigned houses and lands to the Jews. The Juderia, which was located near S. Cristobal street and extended along the city wall, included ninety-six houses, large and small, and had two synagogues and two "casas de la merced," institutions for aiding and housing the poor. Near one synagogue were the "casas del reab" (houses of the rabbi); Don Todros, father of Don Yuçaff, is mentioned as being the occupant in 1264. Near the other synagogue was the house of Rabbi Yuçaff. Upon the conquest of the city the following persons received houses by command of the king: Don Yehuda Mosca (as he is several times expressly called in the list drawn up in 1338), who made translations from Arabic into Spanish for the king; the "almoxarife" Don Mayr, or rather Mür de Malhea, and his son Çag (Isaac); Çimha (Simḥah) Xtaruçi, whose father lost his life and the whole of his large fortune during the rebellion of the city; Don Vellocid (Vellecid), "ballestero del rey a caballo"; Solomon Ballestero; and Axucuri Ballestero—the last three being in the king's army.

Among the richest and most influential Jews in Jerez were the following: Çag aben Açot, who was the representative of the community at the repartition of the taxes in 1290, and his relatives Judah aben Açot, Bonet aben Açot, Abraham aben Açot; likewise Samuel de Cadiz, Jacob Castellano, Çag aben Colmiel or Calamiel, Samuel Barrach, Levi de Faro, Abraham Saltos, Vellido de Castro, and Abraham de Carrion. The Jews of Jerez engaged in business. One Yuçaff Alcaçabi, who had laid in large quantities of salt pork in his houses and lost everything he possessed, because he had favored the Moors, did not receive the house which had first been assigned him. The Jews engaged in viticulture also, Jerez wine being the most valued wine of Spain. There were also tailors (Cedillo Alfayate is mentioned), rope-makers (Çag el Cordonnero), and shoemakers among them. The Jerez Jews, who in 1294 paid King D. Sancho IV. 5,000 maravedis in taxes, were freed by the king from the payment of tolls throughout the kingdom, and were assured of the same favor as was enjoyed by Christians and other inhabitants of the city—a privilege which was confirmed by Kings Fernando IV. and Alfonso XI. (December 30, 1332).
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City map of Jerez
In the second half of the fifteenth century the Jews of Jerez suffered from the enmity of the Christian population. In 1459 the city council gave a portion of the Jewish cemetery to a Christian inhabitant; and in spite of the protests of Joseph de Paredes and Samuel Corcos, who represented the Israelite community, and regardless of their appeal to a decree of May 25, 1455, issued by Henry IV.,according to which the synagogues and Jewish cemeteries were not in any way to be violated, the council in March, 1460, granted another portion of the cemetery to a Christian who desired to build a house upon it. At the same time the following incident, related by Abraham Arama, took place in Jerez: Certain monks who applied to a rich Jew for alms, and received blows instead, desired to avenge themselves on the whole community. They accordingly exhumed the body of a baptized Jew that had been buried in the Christian cemetery, and took it to the Jewish burial-ground, hoping to create the impression that the act had been committed by the Jews. The affair came before the duke or the governor, who wished to have the king's opinion on the subject and to keep all the Jews in the city under arrest until the king's decision should arrive. The influential Judah ibn Verga of Seville exerted himself on behalf of the terrified Jews; and as the innocence of those who had been slandered was soon proved, two of the monks were burned at the stake, while the others, at the intercession of the people, were banished for life.

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A flamenco ensemble

Modern history

Contemporary history

Economy

Festivals

Jerezano Cuisine

Viniculture

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A sherry cellar

Sights of historical or cultural interest

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Cathedral of Jerez de la Frontera
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The Alcazar at Jerez
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Facade of Cartuja de Nuestra Señora de la Defensión

Famous natives of Jerez

Mayors of Jerez

Since 2003, the mayor of Jerez has been Pilar Sánchez Muñoz, who formally became sole mayor on 26 March 2007 after her local PSOE group split from Pedro Pacheco (PSA). Elections are due to be held on 27 May 2007.

Demographics

Demographic evolution of Jerez de la Frontera between 1999 and 2005
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
182,660183,677185,091187,087191,002192,648196,275
Source: INE (Spain)

Twin cities

See also

Bibliography

  • Boletin Acad. Hist. x. 465 et seq., xii. 65 et seq.
  • R. E. J. xv. 125 et seq., xvii. 138 et seq.
  • Shebeṭ Yehudah, pp. 66 et seq.

References

External links


[ Değiştir ]Cádiz'in Belediyeleri
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Jerez can refer to the following places:
  • Jerez de la Frontera, in Andalusia, Spain
  • Jerez de los Caballeros, in Extremadura, Spain
  • Jerez de García Salinas, in Zacatecas, Mexico
It can also refer to:

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 Spanish, Castilian}}} 
Writing system: Latin (Spanish variant)
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 Spanish, Castilian}}} 
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Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
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ISO 639-3: —

Spanish (
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Motto
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Spain

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Politics of Spain

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Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía

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Motto: Andalucía por sí, para España y la humanidad
(Andalusia by herself, for Spain, and for humankind)
Anthem: La bandera blanca y verde
Capital  Seville

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The word is attested in English since c.1330, deriving from Old French province (13th c.
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Provincia de Cádiz

Flag Coat of Arms

Capital Cádiz
Official language(s) Spanish
Area
 – Total
 – % of Spain Ranked 34°
 7.
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A comarca (meaning shire, Spanish and Portuguese plural comarcas, Catalan plural comarques) is a traditional region or local administrative subdivision found in parts of Spain, Portugal, Panama and Brazil.
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The comarca of the Campiña de Jerez (the Jerez countryside) is one of six traditional and touristic subdivisions of the province of Cádiz, Spain. A Spanish comarca is roughly the equivalent of a county
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A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "larger", "greater") is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer.

In many systems, the mayor is an elected politician who serves as chief executive and/or ceremonial official of many types of
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The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, commonly abbreviated by its Spanish initials, PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Español), is the ruling party in Spain and the second oldest, exceeded only by the Partido Carlista, founded in 1833.
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Provincia de Cádiz

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Capital Cádiz
Official language(s) Spanish
Area
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 – % of Spain Ranked 34°
 7.
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Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía

Flag Coat of arms

Motto: Andalucía por sí, para España y la humanidad
(Andalusia by herself, for Spain, and for humankind)
Anthem: La bandera blanca y verde
Capital  Seville

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Motto
"Plus Ultra"   (Latin)
"Further Beyond"
Anthem
"Marcha Real" 1
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Cádiz

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Location

Coordinates : Coordinates:
Time Zone : CET (GMT +1)
- summer: CEST (GMT +2)
General information
Native name Cádiz (Spanish)
Spanish name Cádiz
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Jerez de los Caballeros is a town of south-western Spain, in the province of Badajoz. It is situated on two heights overlooking the river Ardila, a tributary of the Guadiana, 12 miles east of the Portuguese frontier. The old town is surrounded by a Moorish wall with six gates.
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Badajoz

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Location

Badajoz, Spain location
Coordinates :
Time Zone : CET (GMT +1)
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General information
Native name Badajoz (Spanish)
Spanish name Badajoz
Founded
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Jerez del Marquesado

Location

Location of Jerez del Marquesado
Coordinates :
Time Zone :
General information
Native name Jerez del Marquesado (Spanish)
Spanish name Jerez del Marquesado
Postal code
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