Information about Jean Baptiste Pointe Du Sable
Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable (1745(?) - August 28, 1818), popularly known as "The Father of Chicago",[1] was the first known settler in the area which is now Chicago, Illinois. Du Sable was recognized by the State of Illinois and the City of Chicago as the Founder of Chicago on October 26, 1968.[2]
He may have been born as early as the 1730s and no later than 1745 to a slave named Suzanna and a French pirate mate named Pointe du Sable who served about the Black Sea Gull.[4] Suzanna may have been killed in a Spanish raid on Haiti, and perhaps Jean Baptiste escaped by swimming out to his father's ship. After his father sent him to study at a Catholic school in France, du Sable and a friend, Jacques Clamorgan, traveled to Louisiana and then to Michigan, where he married a Potawatomi woman name Kittahawa (fleet-of-foot). To marry her, the twenty-five year old Jean Bapitiste had to become a member of her tribe, taking an eagle as his tribal symbol.[5] The Potawatomi called him "Black Chief," and he became a high-ranking member of the tribe. They had a son and daughter, Jean and Susanne. Du Sable's grand-daughter, Eulalia, was the first non-Indian born in Chicago.
Before it was anything else, Chicago was a trading center. Its first permanent resident, du Sable, operated the first elaborate fur-trading post during the two decades before his departure in 1800.[6] Du Sable built his first house in the 1770s on the land now known as Pioneer Court, thirty years before Fort Dearborn was established on the banks of the Chicago River.[4] By the time he sold to John Kinzie's frontman, Jean La Lime, for 6,000 livres,[8] his property included a house, two barns, horse-drawn mill, bakehouse, poultry house, dairy and a smokehouse.[9] His home was a 22 by 40 foot log cabin filled with fine furniture and paintings. In 1913, Milo M. Quaife, an historical librarian with the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, discovered the bill of sale from du Sable to Jean La Lime archived in Detroit, Michigan. This document outlined all of the property du Sable owned as well as many of his personal artifacts.[10]
During the Revolutionary War, he was imprisoned briefly by the British at Detroit, Michigan, on suspicion of being a US spy.[11] He also helped George Rogers Clark in his capture of Vincennes during the war.[4] From the summer of 1780 until May of 1784, du Sable managed the Pinery, a huge tract of woodlands claimed by British Lt. Patrick Sinclair on the St. Clair River in eastern Michigan. Du Sable and his family lived at a cabin at the mouth of the Pine River in what is now the city of St. Clair.[13]
In 1800, du Sable left Chicago for Peoria, Illinois, where he lived for a decade.[14] Du Sable moved to St. Charles in 1813, where his granddaughter lived. He died in 1818, the year Illinois became a state, and is buried in St. Charles. He was buried in an unmarked grave in St. Borromeo Cemetery until a granite marker was erected in 1968.[4] The deed books in the office of the St. Charles County Recorder of Deeds do not support the assertions of some authors that du Sable sold land to Alexander McNair, who would become the first governor of Missouri.[16]
DuSable High School is a Bronzeville high school opened in 1934. A few famous DuSable attendees/graduates include: Nat King Cole, Dinah Washington, Harold Washington, and Redd Foxx. Dr. Margaret Taylor-Burroughs, a prominent African-American artist and writer and co-founder with her husband of the DuSable Museum of African-American History, taught at the school for twenty-three years.
The DuSable Museum of African American History, on Chicago's South Side, is named in his honor. Chicago commemorated du Sable's homestead in 1912 with a plaque on the corner of Kinzie and Pine Streets, and he appears in a 1965 frieze created for the Illinois Centennial Building.[17]
DuSable Harbor is located in the heart of downtown Chicago at the foot of Randolph Street.
DuSable Park is an urban park (3.24 acres) in Chicago currently awaiting redevelopment. It was originally announced in 1987 by then Mayor Harold Washington. The park is to be named after du Sable.
Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable homesite is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, as a National Historic Landmark on May 11, 1976. It is located at what is now 401 N. Michigan Avenue in the Near North Side community area of Chicago. Currently the 35-story Equitable Building is located there.[18]
In recognition of his pioneering role, the US Postal Service issued a Black Heritage Series, 22-cent stamp, in honor of entrepreneur and diplomat on February 20, 1987.
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Biography
Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable first arrived on the western shores of Lake Michigan around 1779. Born in Saint-Marc, Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti), he built the first permanent settlement at the mouth of the river just east of the present Michigan Avenue Bridge on the north bank.[3]He may have been born as early as the 1730s and no later than 1745 to a slave named Suzanna and a French pirate mate named Pointe du Sable who served about the Black Sea Gull.[4] Suzanna may have been killed in a Spanish raid on Haiti, and perhaps Jean Baptiste escaped by swimming out to his father's ship. After his father sent him to study at a Catholic school in France, du Sable and a friend, Jacques Clamorgan, traveled to Louisiana and then to Michigan, where he married a Potawatomi woman name Kittahawa (fleet-of-foot). To marry her, the twenty-five year old Jean Bapitiste had to become a member of her tribe, taking an eagle as his tribal symbol.[5] The Potawatomi called him "Black Chief," and he became a high-ranking member of the tribe. They had a son and daughter, Jean and Susanne. Du Sable's grand-daughter, Eulalia, was the first non-Indian born in Chicago.
Before it was anything else, Chicago was a trading center. Its first permanent resident, du Sable, operated the first elaborate fur-trading post during the two decades before his departure in 1800.[6] Du Sable built his first house in the 1770s on the land now known as Pioneer Court, thirty years before Fort Dearborn was established on the banks of the Chicago River.[4] By the time he sold to John Kinzie's frontman, Jean La Lime, for 6,000 livres,[8] his property included a house, two barns, horse-drawn mill, bakehouse, poultry house, dairy and a smokehouse.[9] His home was a 22 by 40 foot log cabin filled with fine furniture and paintings. In 1913, Milo M. Quaife, an historical librarian with the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, discovered the bill of sale from du Sable to Jean La Lime archived in Detroit, Michigan. This document outlined all of the property du Sable owned as well as many of his personal artifacts.[10]
During the Revolutionary War, he was imprisoned briefly by the British at Detroit, Michigan, on suspicion of being a US spy.[11] He also helped George Rogers Clark in his capture of Vincennes during the war.[4] From the summer of 1780 until May of 1784, du Sable managed the Pinery, a huge tract of woodlands claimed by British Lt. Patrick Sinclair on the St. Clair River in eastern Michigan. Du Sable and his family lived at a cabin at the mouth of the Pine River in what is now the city of St. Clair.[13]
In 1800, du Sable left Chicago for Peoria, Illinois, where he lived for a decade.[14] Du Sable moved to St. Charles in 1813, where his granddaughter lived. He died in 1818, the year Illinois became a state, and is buried in St. Charles. He was buried in an unmarked grave in St. Borromeo Cemetery until a granite marker was erected in 1968.[4] The deed books in the office of the St. Charles County Recorder of Deeds do not support the assertions of some authors that du Sable sold land to Alexander McNair, who would become the first governor of Missouri.[16]
Legacy and honors
)
US Postage Stamp 1987
The DuSable Museum of African American History, on Chicago's South Side, is named in his honor. Chicago commemorated du Sable's homestead in 1912 with a plaque on the corner of Kinzie and Pine Streets, and he appears in a 1965 frieze created for the Illinois Centennial Building.[17]
DuSable Harbor is located in the heart of downtown Chicago at the foot of Randolph Street.
DuSable Park is an urban park (3.24 acres) in Chicago currently awaiting redevelopment. It was originally announced in 1987 by then Mayor Harold Washington. The park is to be named after du Sable.
)
du Sable National Historic Landmark
In recognition of his pioneering role, the US Postal Service issued a Black Heritage Series, 22-cent stamp, in honor of entrepreneur and diplomat on February 20, 1987.
References
1. ^ Cortesi, Laurence. Jean Du Sable: Father of Chicago, Chilton Book Company, 1972 (A biography of the black Haitian who was the first non-Indian to settle and establish a trading community on the site of present-day Chicago.
2. ^ United States Postage Service
3. ^ Chicago Public Library
4. ^ Patricia Leeds. Du Sable's Pioneer Role is Recalled. Chicago Tribune, July 15, 1976. p. N2.
5. ^ The Collected Works of Langston Hughes, Langston Hughes, University of Missouri Press, p. 217, 2001
6. ^ Duis, Perry. Chicago in History, American Historical Association, November 2002
7. ^
8. ^ "Historic Paper Will Be Filed in City Today" Chicago Daily Tribune August 26, 1954. p.10.
9. ^ Keenan Heise. Jean Baptiste Point du Sable [sic]). Chicago Originals, Bonus Books, 1990. pp 3-4.
10. ^ Quaife discusses du Sable's importance in "Documents: Property of Jean Baptiste Point Sable," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 15 (June 1928): pp. 89-92
11. ^ Charles Balesi. The Time of the French in the Heart of North America, 1673-1818. Alliance Française.
12. ^
13. ^ Mitts, Dorothy Marie, That Noble Country, Dorrance & Co., Philadelphia, pp. 44-46, 1968 (Mitts cites her source as "the old Day Book and Ledger" of the Pinery.)
14. ^ History of Peoria
15. ^
16. ^ Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable, In St. Charles, Missouri 1800-1807, by Kris Zapalac Ph.D., ASRI Historical Preservation, Spring 2005
17. ^ Jean Baptiste Point DuSable: The first resident on the City on the Lake
18. ^ Equitable Building
2. ^ United States Postage Service
3. ^ Chicago Public Library
4. ^ Patricia Leeds. Du Sable's Pioneer Role is Recalled. Chicago Tribune, July 15, 1976. p. N2.
5. ^ The Collected Works of Langston Hughes, Langston Hughes, University of Missouri Press, p. 217, 2001
6. ^ Duis, Perry. Chicago in History, American Historical Association, November 2002
7. ^
8. ^ "Historic Paper Will Be Filed in City Today" Chicago Daily Tribune August 26, 1954. p.10.
9. ^ Keenan Heise. Jean Baptiste Point du Sable [sic]). Chicago Originals, Bonus Books, 1990. pp 3-4.
10. ^ Quaife discusses du Sable's importance in "Documents: Property of Jean Baptiste Point Sable," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 15 (June 1928): pp. 89-92
11. ^ Charles Balesi. The Time of the French in the Heart of North America, 1673-1818. Alliance Française.
12. ^
13. ^ Mitts, Dorothy Marie, That Noble Country, Dorrance & Co., Philadelphia, pp. 44-46, 1968 (Mitts cites her source as "the old Day Book and Ledger" of the Pinery.)
14. ^ History of Peoria
15. ^
16. ^ Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable, In St. Charles, Missouri 1800-1807, by Kris Zapalac Ph.D., ASRI Historical Preservation, Spring 2005
17. ^ Jean Baptiste Point DuSable: The first resident on the City on the Lake
18. ^ Equitable Building
Sources
- Altman, Susan. Extraordinary Black Americans - From Colonial to Contemporary Times, Chicago: Children's Press, 1989
- Bennett, Lerone. "Negro who founded Chicago. [Jean Baptiste Point de Saible.]" Ebony Magazine. Chicago, December, 1963. vol. 19, no. 2, p. 170-178.
- Cortesi, Laurence. Jean Du Sable: Father of Chicago. Philadelphia. Chilton Book Company, 1972.
- Doherty, Kieran. Voyageurs, Lumberjacks, and Farmers: Pioneers of the Midwest The Oliver Press, Inc., 2004
- Graham, Shirley. Jean Baptiste Pointe de Sable, Founder of Chicago. New York, J. Messner, 1953
- Hughes, Langston. The Collected Works of Langston Hughes, University of Missouri Press, p. 217, 2001
- Lindberg, Richard C. "Jean Baptiste Point DuSable." American National Biography. New York: Oxford, 1999. vol. 7, p. 166-168.
- Marsh, Carole. "Jean Baptiste Pointe Du Sable: Father of Chicago," Gallopade International, September 1998
- Meehan, Thomas A. "Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, the First Chicagoan." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. Springfield, vol. 56, p. 439-453, 1963.
- Quaife, Milton Milo. Chicago and the Old Northwest, 1673-1835, University of Illinois Press, 2001
External links
- DuSable Museum
- Portrait by Chicago Historical Society
- Chicago Historical SocietyCity of Chicago
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Jean La Lime (died June 17, 1812 in Chicago, Illinois). La Lime first arrived in the Chicago area on August 17, 1792 as an agent for William Burnett. In 1800, he worked to purchase the homestead of Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable for Burnett for 6,000 livres[1]
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