Information about Black Capitalism
) | |
| African American topics | |
|---|---|
| History | |
| African American history | |
| African American military history | |
| Atlantic slave trade | |
| Jim Crow laws | |
| Religions | |
| Christian Churches | |
| Rasta · Black Jews | |
| Black Hebrew Israelites | |
| Nation of Islam · SanterÃa | |
| Doctrine of Father Divine | |
| Political movements | |
| Civil Rights (1896 to 1954) | |
| Civil Rights (1955 to 1968) | |
| Garveyism · Black nationalism | |
| Black populism | |
| African American leftism | |
| Black conservatism | |
| Reparations | |
| Organizations | |
| NAACP | |
| ASALH · UNCF | |
| NPHC · Links · | |
| Negro League (baseball) | |
| Academics | |
| Literature · Studies | |
| Art · Music · Culture | |
| Contemporary issues | |
| HBCU | |
| Languages | |
| AAVE · Gullah · Creole | |
| Lists | |
| African Americans | |
| Landmark legislation | |
| Related topics | |
Historical roots
Roots of Black Capitalism can be found in the lives of "Free Negroes" during times of the American Enslavement. Many records exist reporting the development of economic wealth by these "Free Negroes".The earliest recorded words touting the economic upliftment of African Americans by an African American was written by Lewis Woodson under the pen name "Augustine" in the Coloured American newspaper. Woodson helped found Wilberforce University and the first AME Theological seminary, Payne Theological Seminary and was an early teacher and mentor of Martin Delaney.
A prominent southern affluent Black was A. G. Gaston who was, at times, instrumental in the civil rights movement. Galston was influenced by Booker T. Washington, who was an early leader at the Tuskegee Institute. Another wealthy African American was Robert Reed Church, who founded the nation's first Black-owned bank, Solvent Savings, in 1906.
There are many historical and current examples of neighborhoods of prominent and affluent Blacks in American history. Some include the historical Highland Beach, Maryland and more recently Mount Airy in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Prince George County, Maryland. Mainstream media identifies this with some interest.[1]
A more focused movement of Black Capitalism can be found in the popular magazine Black Enterprise.
Strands of Black Capitalism
Group success
One strain of Black Capitalism is immersed in the ethic of African-Americans building wealth together, as exemplified in the Kwanzaa value of "ujamaa" meaning 'cooperative economics'. A prominent proponent and example of this cooperative economics is Russell Simmons who can be seen advocating the building of not only individual black businesses but communities of black businesses. Simmons has made the comment that Black MBA students and graduates have the notion that they want to own their own businesses, not to simply be employed in someone else's business.The mentality of group success is highlighted and examined in the book Black Power Inc. by Cora Daniels. In her writings, Ms. Daniels says that the ethic of individual success is exemplified by African-Americans born before and during the civil-rights movement, while proponents of group success are born after the civil rights movement.
A recent effort to standardize black capitalism as a movement was introduced in two books: Black Labor: White Wealth and the more recent book Powernomics by Dr. Claud Anderson. In these two books Dr. Anderson outlines a schema on which black wealth can be coordinated and developed through a nine-issue plan.
Some see this group success strain of Black Capitalism as a form of Social entrepreneurship which aims to build businesses that are oriented around providing services and goods that benefit the community in which they were built. Others see this as an outgrowth of the communal and tribal ethic attributed to traditional African cultures.
Individual success
A parallel, but seemingly opposing, strain of Black Capitalism stems from the American ideal of building individual wealth. Prominent examples of this can be popular figures such as Oprah Winfrey, Robert L. Johnson and so forth. The complaint leveled against the adherents to individual succes from advocates of group success is that individually wealth African Americans have made millions of dollars and that in and of itself has made very little contribution to the plight of African Americans in general.In general, African Americans and the media sometimes point to this phenomenon as "black flight" or "selling out" where affluent blacks move out of predominately black neighborhoods into affluent white neighborhoods. A history of some of this was documented in the book Our Kind of People: Inside America's Black Upper Class by Otis Graham.
Issues facing Black Capitalism
As distinct from racial integration
The notion of racial integration is such that African Americans should be able to move and operate in a predominately white society safely. This effort at racial integration concerns mostly public spaces and private hiring practices. It is thought that attempts and movements supporting racial integration are efforts to enable blacks to assimilate into white institutions.Black Capitalism is an effort to position Blacks as the owners of land, the means of production, and businesses that own either or both. The aim of Black Capitalism is to bolster self-reliance, both individually and communally.
Black Anti-Capitalism
There are also two strands of thinking in African America, and specifically Black Nationalism, that is against Capitalism as an economic system in all of its forms. One strand is against capitalism on the basis of the historical treatment of Africans and the African Diaspora, i.e. slavery, subjugation and colonization. Another strand is against capitalism through strict political critiques, i.e. socialist. Many critics of capitalism from within the Black community blend the two positions, however the reasoning behind them are distinct. A prominent Black political critic was C. L. R. James. Two of the most popular black anti-capitalist books are How Capitalism Underdeveloped Africa by Walter Rodney and How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America by Manning Marable. These books give analysis on how capitalism as an economic system has not raised the quality of living for the African Diaspora.Violence against Black Capitalism
Examples of the explicit and public opposition to African American economic success has diminished since the Civil Rights movement. However, before this period of American transition, there are a few notable violent attacks against prosperous African American communities including the Tulsa Race Riot and the Rosewood massacre.Economic disparity
Blacks on average have a lower net worth than Whites in America. This is especially pertinent in the creation of new businesses. One of the most common forms of collateral for loans to open businesses is home equity. With the historical and current differences in lending patterns toward blacks and whites, the option of using home equity to borrow against in order to open a business is diminished.Related magazines and books
References
African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.[1] In the United States the term is generally used for Americans with sub-Saharan African ancestry.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
African American history is the portion of American history that specifically discusses the African American or Black American ethnic group in the United States. Most African Americans are the descendants of African slaves held in the United States from 1619 to 1865.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Military history of African Americans is that of African Americans in the United States since the arrival of the first black slaves in 1619 to the present day. There is no war fought by the United States in which the African American soldier did not participate.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Atlantic slave trade, also known as the Transatlantic slave trade, was the trade of African persons supplied to the colonies of the "New World" that occurred in and around the Atlantic Ocean. It lasted from the 16th century to the 19th century.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Discrimination
Major forms
Racism
Sexism
Homophobia
Ageism
Antisemitism
Islamophobia
Ableism
Manifestations
Slavery · Racial profiling
Hate speech · Hate crime
Genocide · Ethnocide · Holocaust
..... Click the link for more information.
Major forms
Racism
Sexism
Homophobia
Ageism
Antisemitism
Islamophobia
Ableism
Manifestations
Slavery · Racial profiling
Hate speech · Hate crime
Genocide · Ethnocide · Holocaust
..... Click the link for more information.
Black church or African American church refers to predominantly Black Christian churches that minister to Black communities in the United States. While some groups of Black churches, such as African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Churches, belong to predominantly Black
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Rasta, or the Rastafari movement, is a cultural value system that accepts Haile Selassie I, the former Emperor of Ethiopia, as God incarnate, whom they call Jah.[1] He is also seen as part of the Holy Trinity as the messiah promised in the Bible to return.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Jewish people have had a long history in Africa, dating to the Biblical era. As the African diaspora grew, because of the movement of Africans and their descendants throughout the world, African Jews were part of that diaspora.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling.
You can assist by [ editing it] now. A how-to guide is available, as is general .
..... Click the link for more information.
You can assist by [ editing it] now. A how-to guide is available, as is general .
..... Click the link for more information.
Nation of Islam (NOI) is a religious and social/political organization founded in the United States by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930 with the self-proclaimed goal of resurrecting the spiritual, mental, social, economic condition of the black man and woman of America and
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
SanterÃa also known as "La Regla de Lukumi," is an Afro-Caribbean religious tradition derived from traditional beliefs of the Yoruba people of Nigeria. The SanterÃa/Yoruba tradition is comprised of a hierarchical structure according to priesthood level and authority.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Doctrine of Father Divine is the teachings of the late Father Divine (d. 1965) and his religious movement, the International Peace Mission movement. The most obvious teaching of Father Divine is his claim to be God, but his doctrine constituted a larger coherent system of thought.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination of African Americans; this article covers the phase of the movement between 1954 and 1968, particularly in the South.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Garveyism is an aspect of Black Nationalism which takes its source from the works, words and deeds of UNIA-ACL founder Marcus Garvey. The fundamental focus of Garveyism is the complete, total and never ending redemption of the continent of Africa by people of African ancestry, at
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Black Nationalism is the idea that Black people collectively have a common identity as Black people and should strive to develop an independent and self-reliant Black Nation (literally, or in the context of an independent 'community' or 'society').
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Black Populism that influence all people in the nation especially the North.
..... Click the link for more information.
Beginnings
Between 1886 and 1898 Black farmers, sharecroppers, and agrarian laborers organized their communities to combat the rising tide of Jim Crow laws...... Click the link for more information.
African American topics
History
African American history
African American military history
Atlantic slave trade
Jim Crow laws
Religions
Christian Churches
Rasta · Black Jews
Black Hebrew Israelites
..... Click the link for more information.
History
African American history
African American military history
Atlantic slave trade
Jim Crow laws
Religions
Christian Churches
Rasta · Black Jews
Black Hebrew Israelites
..... Click the link for more information.
Black Conservatism is a political and social movement within African American culture that aligns largely with the American Right, emphasizing patriotism, independence and self-help, free markets and within some circles Christian Right values.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
worldwide view of the subject.
Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.
Please [ improve this article] or discuss the issue on the talk page.
This article or section has multiple issues:
* Its neutrality is disputed.
* It does not cite any references or sources.
..... Click the link for more information.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (usually abbreviated as NAACP) is one of the oldest and most influential civil rights organizations in the United States.[1] The NAACP was founded on February 12, 1909 by a diverse group composed of W.E.B.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH) is a non-profit organization founded in Chicago, Illinois, on September 9, 1915 and incorporated in Washington, D.C.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
United Negro College Fund (UNCF) is a Fairfax, Virginia-based American philanthropic organization that fundraises college tuition money for African-American students and general scholarship funds for 39 historically black colleges and universities.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
National Pan-Hellenic Council, Inc. (NPHC) is an umbrella organization for nine historically black, international Greek lettered fraternities and sororities. Each of the nine NPHC organizations evolved during a period when African-Americans were being denied essential rights
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Links, Incorporated is an exclusive non-profit organization based upon the ideals of combining friendship and community service. The organization was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 9, 1946, from a group of ladies known as the Philadelphia Club to
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Negro Leagues were American professional baseball leagues comprising predominantly African-American teams. The term may be used broadly to include professional black teams outside the leagues and it may be used narrowly for the seven relatively successful leagues beginning 1920
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
African American literature is the body of literature produced in the United States by writers of African descent. The genre traces its origins to the works of such late 18th century writers as Phillis Wheatley and Olaudah Equiano, reached early high points with slave narratives
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
African American studies (also known as Black studies and/or Africana studies) is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the history, culture, and politics of African Americans.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
African American music (also called black music, formerly known as race music) is an umbrella term given to a range of music and musical genres emerging from or influenced by the culture of African Americans, who have long constituted a large ethnic minority
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
African American culture or Black culture, in the United States, includes the various cultural traditions of African American communities. It is both part of, and distinct from American culture. The U.S.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
African American contemporary issues are a group of social, political, and business issues that are of interest and concern to African Americans because these issues and the state of their resolution directly affect the quality of life of African Americans.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
