Information about Allies Of World War Ii

For information about other countries that took part in World War II, see Participants in World War II.

The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. Within the ranks of the Allied powers, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom were known as "The Big Three." U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt referred to the Big Three and China as the "Four Policemen". France, before its defeat in 1940 and after its liberation in 1944, was also considered a major Ally.

During December 1941, Roosevelt devised the name "United Nations" for the Allies, and the Declaration by United Nations, on 1 January, 1942, was the basis of the modern UN.^[1] At the Potsdam Conference of July-August 1945, Roosevelt's successor, Harry S. Truman, proposed that the foreign ministers of China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States "should draft the peace treaties and boundary settlements of Europe," which led to the creation of the Council of Foreign Ministers.^[2]

Dates on which independent states joined the Allies

Following the German invasion of Poland

Further information: Invasion of Poland (1939)

•  Poland: 1 September 1939
•  United Kingdom: 3 September 1939 , including:
• Indian Empire
• Crown Colonies‎
•  Australia: 3 September 1939
•  New Zealand: 3 September 1939
• France: 3 September 1939 (until 17 June 1940), including:
• French overseas territories
• South Africa: 6 September 1939
•  Canada: 10 September 1939

After the Phoney War

Further information: Phoney War

•  Denmark: 9 April 1940
•  Norway: 9 April 1940
•  Belgium: 10 May 1940, including:
•  Belgian Congo
•  Luxembourg: 10 May 1940
•  Netherlands: 10 May 1940, including:
• Dutch East Indies
• other Dutch colonies
• Free France: 18 June 1940
•  Greece: 28 October 1940
• Kingdom of Yugoslavia: 6 April 1941 (signed partial Tripartite Pact on 25 March, attacked by Germany on 6 April after a British engineered coup)

After the invasion of the USSR

Further information: Operation Barbarossa

•  Soviet Union: 22 June 1941 (cooperated with Axis during Invasion of Poland)
• : 25 June 1941 (annexed by Soviet Union in 1944)

After the attack on Pearl Harbor

Further information: attack on Pearl Harbor

•  Panama: 7 December 1941
•  United States: 8 December 1941, including:
• American Samoa
• Guam
• Commonwealth of the Philippines
• Puerto Rico
•  U.S. Virgin Islands
• other unincorporated territories
•  Costa Rica: 1941 8 December
•  Dominican Republic:8 December 1941

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  : 8 December1941

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    : 8 December1941

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      : 8 December1941
      •  Nicaragua: 8 December1941
      • : 9 December 1941 (at war with Empire of Japan since 1937)

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        :9 December 1941
        •  Cuba: 9 December1941
        •  Czechoslovakia (government-in-exile): 16 December 1941 (Czech lands occupied by Germany since 15 March 1939)

        After the Declaration by United Nations

        Main article: Declaration by United Nations

        •  Peru: 12 February 1942
        •  Mexico: 22 May 1942
        •  Brazil: 22 August 1942
        • Ethiopia:14 December 1942 (formerly occupied by Fascist Italy)
        • Iraq: 17 January 1943 (occupied by Allies in 1941)
        •  Bolivia: 7 April 1943
        •  Iran: 9 September 1943 (occupied by Allies in 1941)
        • Italy: 13 October 1943 (formerly a member of the Axis)
        •  Colombia: 26 November 1943
        • Democratic Federal Yugoslavia: 1 December 1943 ^[3]
        • There is an ideology known in much of North America and Oceania as Libertarianism and in much of the rest of the world as Liberalism. The concept supports the supremecy of personal and economic freedoms of the individual. Please note that Australian, Canadian and US usages of "liberal" are currently quite different. This article uses . Terminology in internal and external links may vary, especially in discussions of political movements from outside the English-speaking realm.
          : 27 January 1944

        After D-Day & Operation Bagration

        Main articles: Battle of Normandy and Operation Bagration

        •  Romania: 23 August 1944 (formerly a member of the Axis)
        •  Bulgaria: 8 September 1944 (formerly a member of the Axis)
        •  San Marino: 21 September 1944
        •  Albania: 26 October 1944 (formerly occupied by Fascist Italy)
        •  Bahawalpur: 2 February 1945
        •  Bahawalpur: 2 February 1945

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          : 7 February 1945
          •  Uruguay: 15 February 1945
          •  Venezuela: 15 February 1945
          •  Turkey: 23 February 1945
          •  Lebanon: 27 February 1945
          •  Saudi Arabia: 1 March 1945
          •  Finland: 4 March 1945 (formerly an Axis co-belligerent, co-belligerent of UN in Lapland War)
          •  Argentina: 27 March 1945

          • The template is . Please use instead. This usage is deprecated. Please replace it with {{tdeprecated|Allies of World War II|Country}}. '''The template is deprecated. Please use instead.

            : 11 April 1945

            After the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

            Further information: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

            • Mongolia: 9 August 1945

            History

            China

            Main article: Second Sino-Japanese War

            When World War II began, China had been fighting the Empire of Japan since 1937.
            
            During the 1920s, the Kuomintang (KMT) government led by Chiang Kai-shek was aided by the Soviet Union, which helped to reorganize the party, superficially at least, along Leninist lines: a unification of party, state, and army. However, following the nominal unification of China in 1928, Chiang Kai-shek purged leftists from his party and fought against the Chinese Communist Party, former warlords, and other militarist factions. A fragmented China provided easy opportunities for Japan to gain territories piece by piece without engaging in total war. Following the 1931 Mukden Incident, the puppet state of Manchukuo was established. Throughout the early to mid 1930s, Chiang's anti-communist and anti-militarist campaigns continued while he fought small, incessant conflicts against Japan, usually followed by unfavorable settlements and concessions.
            
            In the early 1930s, Germany and China became close partners in military and industrial matters. Nazi Germany provided the largest proportion of Chinese arms imports and technical expertise. Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 7 July, 1937, China and Japan became embroiled in a full-scale war which continued until 1945. Initially, Germany denounced Japanese war crimes in China, such as the Nanking Massacre of 1937. However Germany also recognized that Japan would be a more capable ally against the Soviet Union and broke off the cooperation with China in May 1938. The Soviet Union, wishing to keep China in the fight against Japan, supplied China with some military assistance until 1941, until it made peace with Japan to prepare for the war against Germany.
            
            Even though China had been fighting the longest among all the Allied powers, it only officially joined the Allies after the attack on Pearl Harbor, on 7 December 1941. Chiang Kai-shek felt Allied victory was assured with the entrance of the United States into the war, and he declared war on Germany and the other Axis nations. However, Allied aid remained low because the Burma Road was closed and the Allies suffered a series of military defeats against Japan early on in the campaign. The bulk of military aid did not arrive until the spring of 1945. More than 1.5 million Japanese troops were trapped in the China Theater; troops that otherwise could have been deployed elsewhere had China collapsed and made a separate peace with Japan.

            Key alliances are formed

            On 1 September 1939, the German invasion of Poland began World War II. The United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany on the third of September. The British declaration also covered the Indian Empire and other states which were British Crown Colonies at the time.
            
            Following the Statute of Westminster in 1931, the Dominions of the British Commonwealth had independence in foreign policy. Australia and New Zealand accepted and reiterated the British declaration. Nepal, another independent member of the Commonwealth, declared war on Germany on 4 September. The South African Prime Minister, Barry Hertzog, refused to declare war, leading to the collapse of his coalition government on 6 September; the new Prime Minister, Jan Smuts, declared war that same day. Canada declared war on Germany on 10 September; this was necessary as Canada had ratified the Statute of Westminster.
            
            On 17 September, the USSR , and on 30 November, the Soviet Union attacked Finland. The following year the USSR annexed the Baltic states — Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania — together with parts of Romania. The German-Soviet agreement was brought to an end by The German invasion of the USSR on 22 June 1941.
            
            The United States of America joined the Allies following the attack on Pearl Harbor, on 7 December 1941. The Declaration by United Nations, on 1 January 1942, officially united 26 nations as Allies. The informal Big 3 alliance of the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the United States emerged in the latter half of the war, and their decisions determined Allied strategy around the world.

            Formal alliances during the war

            Original Allies

            The original Allies were those states that declared war on Nazi Germany following the German invasion of Poland in September 1939.
            • Second Polish Republic
            • United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
            • French Republic
            These countries were allied to each other by a net of common defence pacts and military alliance pacts signed before the war. The Franco-British Alliance dated back to the Entente Cordiale of 1904 and the Triple Entente of 1907, active during the World War I. The Franco-Polish Alliance was signed in 1921 and then amended in 1927 and 1939. The Polish-British Common Defence Pact, signed on 25 August 1939, contained promises of mutual military assistance between the nations in the event either was attacked by Nazi Germany.

            Poland

            Poland is sometimes considered a major Ally,^[4] since it never officially surrendered to the Third Reich, and the Polish government in exile after 1939 continued the Polish contribution to World War II on several fronts with hundreds of thousands of members in the Polish Armed Forces in the West in France and the United Kingdom, as well as the Home Army in occupied Poland. Resistance organizations provided most of the intelligence that enabled successful operations later in the war. The Soviet Union recognized the London-based government but broke diplomatic relations after revealing the truth about the Katyn massacre, and in 1943 organized the Polish People's Army under Zygmunt Berling, around which it constructed the post-war successor state People's Republic of Poland in 1952.'

            British Commonwealth

            In addition to the United Kingdom, several independent members of the British Commonwealth — the official name in 1926-49 — known as the Dominions, declared war on Germany separately, either on the same day, or soon afterwards. These countries were: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Newfoundland (which was not part of Canada until 1949) and South Africa.
            
            The Indian Empire (including the areas covered by the later Republic of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) and the many British Crown Colonies around the world were controlled politically by Britain and therefore also entered hostilities with Britain's declaration of war. The Indian Empire suffered 1,500,000 civilian casualties, more than the United Kingdom. It also contributed about 2,500,000 personnel and suffered 87,000 military casualties, more than any Commonwealth country other than the United Kingdom.

            France

            Main article: Military history of France during World War II

            
            
            France experienced several major phases of action during World War II:
            • The "Phoney War" of 1939–1940, also called drôle de guerre ("Strange War") in France, or the "Sitzkrieg" ("Sitting War") in Germany.
            • The Battle of France in May–June 1940, which resulted in the defeat of the French Army, the fall of the French Third Republic and the creation of the rump state Vichy France.
            • The period of French Resistance and Free French Forces, from 1940–1944, until the June 1944 D-Day invasions part of the Battle of Normandy and the August 1944 invasion of southern France in Operation Dragoon, which led to the Liberation of Paris on 25 August 1944 and the liberation of France by the allies.
            • The political creation of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, and the military actions following the redesignation of "French Army B" as the First French Army, including the final drive on Germany, which culminated in V-E Day, on 7 May 1945.

            Oslo Group

            The Oslo Group was an organisation of officially neutral countries. Four members later joined the Allies, as governments in exile: the Kingdom of Norway, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
            
            The Republic of Finland was invaded by the USSR on 30 November 1939 [1]. Later Finland and the Kingdom of Denmark officially joined the Axis Anti-Comintern Pact. The Kingdom of Sweden remained officially neutral. Following the Moscow armistice of September 1944, Finland effectively joined the Allies and expelled German forces. This led to a series of armed clashes called the Lapland War.
            
            Denmark was invaded by Germany on 9 April 1940. The Danish government did not declare war and it surrendered the same day, on the understanding that it retain control of domestic affairs. No government-in-exile was formed. Danes fought with both Allied and Axis forces. Iceland and Greenland, which were respectively in union with Denmark and a Danish colony, were occupied by the Allies for most of the war. British forces took control in Iceland on May 10, 1940, and it was used to facilitate the movement of Lend Lease equipment. Forces from the United States, although they were officially neutral at the time, occupied Greenland on 9 April 1941. The U.S. also took over in Iceland on 7 July 1941. Iceland declared full independence from Denmark in 1944 but never declared war on any of the Axis powers.

            Portugal

            Although Portugal remained officially neutral, the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance — the world's oldest military alliance (1373) — was activated by the United Kingdom during World War II, leading to the establishment of an Allied base in the Azores. Portugal protested the occupation of Portuguese Timor by Allied forces in 1942 but did not actively resist. The colony was subsequently occupied by Japan. Timorese and Portuguese civilians assisted Allied commandos in resisting the Japanese. Portuguese Macau was also occupied by Japan.

            Pan American Union

            The members of the Pan American Union, who were all neutral in 1939-41, formed a mutual defence pact at a conference of foreign ministers at Havana, on 21 July-30 July 1940. The "Declaration on Reciprocal Assistance and Cooperation for the Defense of the Nations of the Americas" was part of the Final Act of the Second Meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the American Republics at Havana, Cuba, July 30, 1940.^[5] There were 21 signatories:
            • Bolivia
            • Brazil (25 August 1942)
            • Colombia
            • Costa Rica
            • Cuba
            • Dominican Republic
            • El Salvador
            • Guatemala
            • Haiti
            • Honduras
            • Mexico (1 June 1942)
            • Nicaragua
            • Panama
            • United States of America
            From July 1944, a Brazilian Expeditionary Force of 25,000 personnel joined the Allies in the Italian campaign. In 1945, the Mexican Air Force's Escuadrón 201 was attached to the U.S. Far East Air Force, during the Philippines campaign. The other countries in this group contributed support units, small combat forces, or to lesser degrees.

            Comintern

            The following socialist and pro-Soviet forces fought against the Axis powers before or during the Second World War:
            • International Brigades
            • Popular Front
            • Albanian National Liberation Army
            • Chinese Red Army (a.k.a 8th Route Army; ROC 18th Army or; New Fourth Army)
            • Greek National Liberation Front
            • Hukbalahap (Philippines)
            • Malayan Communist Party
            • Mongolia
            • Ludowe Wojsko Polskie (Polish People's Army)
            • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
            • Viet Minh
            • Communist Party of Yugoslavia

            Atlantic Charter

            The Atlantic Charter was negotiated at the Atlantic Conference by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, aboard warships in a secure anchorage at NS Argentia, Newfoundland (located on Placentia Bay) and was issued as a joint declaration on 14 August 1941.
            
            The Atlantic Charter established a vision for a post-World War II world, despite the fact the United States had yet to enter the war.
            
            In brief, the nine points were:
            1. no territorial gains sought by the United States or the United Kingdom;
            2. territorial adjustments must be in accord with wishes of the people;
            3. the right to self-determination of peoples;
            4. trade barriers lowered;
            5. global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare;
            6. freedom from want and fear;
            7. freedom of the seas;
            8. disarmament of aggressor nations, postwar common disarmament
            9. defeat of Germany and other Axis powers
            
            
            The Atlantic Charter proved to be one of the first steps towards the formation of the United Nations.

            United Nations

            Declaration by United Nations

            

            Wartime poster for the United Nations, created in 1943 by the U.S. Office of War Information.

            Main article: Declaration by United Nations

            The alliance was formalised in the Declaration by United Nations on 1 January 1942. There were 26 signatories, as follows:

            Union of Soviet Socialist Republics United Kingdom United States Republic of China Canada Australia Belgium Costa Rica Cuba Czechoslovakia Dominican Republic El Salvador Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras India Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Panama Poland South Africa Yugoslavia

            
            
            Later in 1942, Mexico, The Philippines and Ethiopia adhered to the declaration. During 1943, it was signed by Iraq, Iran, Brazil, Bolivia and Colombia. In 1944, Liberia and France signed . During the early part of 1945, Peru, Chile, Paraguay, Venezuela, Uruguay, Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Syria and Ecuador became signatories.

            Charter of the United Nations

            Main article: Charter of the United Nations

            The Charter of the United Nations was agreed to during the war at the United Nations Conference on International Organization, held between April and July 1945. The Charter was signed by 50 nations on 26 June (Poland had its place reserved and later became the 51st "original" signatory), and was formally ratified shortly after the war on 24 October 1945. The five leading Allied nations, namely China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States met repeatedly during the war, such as at the 1944 conference at Dumbarton Oaks where the formation and permanent seats of the United Nations Security Council were decided. The Security Council met for the first time in the immediate aftermath of war on 17 January 1946.^[6]
            

            The first version of the UN flag, introduced in April 1945.
            
            
            These are the original 51 signatories (Security Council members are indicated in bold):

            Republic of Argentina Commonwealth of Australia Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic Kingdom of Belgium Republic of Bolivia Republic of the United States of Brazil Dominion of Canada Republic of Chile Republic of China Republic of Colombia Republic of Costa Rica Republic of Cuba Czechoslovak Republic Kingdom of Denmark Dominican Republic Republic of Ecuador Kingdom of Egypt Republic of El Salvador Imperial State of Ethiopia French Republic Kingdom of the Hellenes Republic of Guatemala Republic of Haiti Republic of Honduras Indian Empire Imperial Kingdom of Iran

            Kingdom of Iraq Lebanon Republic of Liberia Grand Duchy of Luxembourg United Mexican States Kingdom of the Netherlands New Zealand Republic of Nicaragua Kingdom of Norway Republic of Panama Republic of Paraguay Republic of Peru Commonwealth of the Philippines Second Polish Republic Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Union of South Africa Republic of Syria Republic of Turkey Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Union of Soviet Socialist Republics United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United States of America Oriental Republic of Uruguay Republic of Venezuela Democratic Federal Yugoslavia

          Iran

          On 29 January 1946, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union agreed to end their occupation of Iran, six months after the end of the war. The Tripartite Treaty of Alliance also formalised Iran's assistance to the Allies.[2]

          See also

          • Participants in World War II

          Footnotes

          1. ^ Douglas Brinkley, FDR & the Making of the U.N.
          2. ^ Churchill, Winston S. [1953] (1981). The Second World War, Volume VI: Triumph and Tragedy. Houghton-Mifflin Company. 
          3. ^ Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was founded on November 29, 1943, by the Yugoslav Partisans, who were recognized as an Ally at the Tehran Conference.
          4. ^ Kwan Yuk Pan, Polish veterans to take pride of place in victory parade, Financial Times, July 5 2005. Access date: March 31, 2006.
          5. ^ [3][4]
          6. ^ United Nations Security Council: Official Records: First Year, First Series, First Meeting
          

          External links

          • Changing Alliances In the International Arena
          • The Atlantic Conference: Resolution of September 24, 1941

          •  • [ e] World War II
          Western Europe Eastern Europe Africa Mediterranean Asia and the Pacific Atlantic
          Major participants			Timeline		Aspects
          To 1945 unless otherwise indicated. Principal co-belligerents in italics.			Prelude • Causes • in Asia • in Europe 1937 • Invasion of China 1939 • Invasion of Poland • Phoney War • Invasion of Finland • Battle of the Atlantic3 1940 • Denmark and Norway • Battle of France • Battle of Britain • Libya and Egypt • British Somaliland • Occupation of Baltic states • Bessarabia and Bukovina • Invasion of Indochina • Invasion of Greece 1941 • East Africa • Invasion of Yugoslavia • Invasion of the USSR • Middle East • Siege of Leningrad • Attack on Pearl Harbor 1942 • Battle of Midway • Battle of Stalingrad • 2nd Battle of El Alamein • Operation Torch • Guadalcanal campaign	1943 • End in Africa • Battle of Kursk • Solomon Islands campaign • Invasion of Sicily • Invasion of Italy5 1944 • Cassino and Anzio • Battle of Normandy • Belorussia and Ukraine • Battle of Romania • Liberation of Paris • Operation Market Garden • Battle of Leyte Gulf 1945 • Battle of Okinawa • Battle of Berlin • Germany surrenders • Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Japan surrenders • misc. military engagements Aftermath and Consequences • Effects • Casualties • Expulsion of Germans • Occupation of Germany • Morgenthau plan • Territorial changes • Occupation of Japan • Franco-Vietnamese War • Cold War • in contemporary culture • Possible World War III	• Attacks on North America • Blitzkrieg • Comparative military ranks • Cryptography • Home front • Military awards • Military equipment • Military production • Resistance • Technology • Total war Civilian impact and atrocities • Allied war crimes • Japanese war crimes • German war crimes • Soviet war crimes • The Holocaust • Bombing of civilians
          Allies		Axis
          at war from 1937  China entered 1939  Poland  UK  India  France  Australia  New Zealand  South Africa  Canada entered 1940  Norway  Belgium  Netherlands  Greece	entered 1941  Yugoslavia  USSR  USA entered 1942  Brazil entered 1943  Italy entered 1944  Romania  Bulgaria  Finland • others	at war from 1937  Japan entered 1939  Germany  Slovakia entered 1940  Italy  (to 1943) entered 1941  Bulgaria  (to 1944) Croatia  Hungary  Romania  (to 1944)  Finland  (to 1944) entered 1942  Thailand entered 1943 RSI • others
          • Allied Leaders • Axis Leaders • Commanders
          Resistance movements Austria Baltic2 Bessarabia1 Czechia Denmark Ethiopia France Germany Greece Italy Jewish Korea Netherlands Moldavia1 Norway Poland Thailand USSR Slovakia4 Ukraine3 Vietnam Yugoslavia others
          			Lists
          			Topics Conferences
          1 Anti-Soviet. 2 Anti-Soviet and anti-Nazi. 3 Anti-Nazi, anti-Polish, and anti-Soviet. 4 Anti-Magyar, anti-Nazi, and anti-Soviet. 5 Lasted to May 1945.		at Wiktionary   at Wikibooks       at Wikiquote   at Wikisource        at Commons   at Wikinews

          Axis Powers, also interpreted as Axis alliance, Axis nations, Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those countries opposed to the Allies during World War II.
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Allied powers:
           Soviet Union
           United States
           United Kingdom
           China
           France
          ...et al. Axis powers:
           Germany
           Japan
           Italy
          ...et al.
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Allies spelled with a capital "A", usually denotes the countries who fought together against the Central Powers in World War I (see Triple Entente or Allies of World War I), or those who fought against the Axis Powers in World War II.
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (abbreviated USSR, Russian: (help info ) ; tr.
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Motto
          "In God We Trust"   (since 1956)
          "E Pluribus Unum"   ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
          Anthem
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Motto
          "Dieu et mon droit" ^[2]   (French)
          "God and my right"
          Anthem
          "God Save the Queen" ^[3]
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, and is the only U.S.
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Anthem
          National Anthem of the Republic of China
          
          

          
          Capital Taipei^[1]
          
          Largest city Taipei^[1]
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          "The Four Policemen" was a term coined by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, to refer to the four major Allies of World War II and founders of the United Nations (UN): the United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and China.
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Motto
          Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité
          "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
          Anthem
          "La Marseillaise"
          
          

          
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Total: 2,862,000 Germany:
          141 divisions,
          7,378 guns,
          2,445 tanks,
          5,638 aircraft^[2][3]
          Italy:
          32 divisions
          Total:
          3,350,000 Germans,
          700,000 Italians
          Casualties
          360,000 dead or wounded,
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Liberation of Paris (also known as Battle for Paris) took place during World War II from 19 August1944 until the surrender of the occupying German garrison on the 25th.
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Headquarters
          (and largest city)
          Official languages Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish
          Membership 192 member states
          Leaders
           -  Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
          Establishment
           - 
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          The Declaration by United Nations was a World War II document agreed to on January 1 1942 during the Arcadia Conference by 26 governments, several of them governments-in-exile.
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          January 1 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining. The preceding day is December 31 of the previous year.
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          19th century - 20th century - 21st century
          1910s  1920s  1930s  - 1940s -  1950s  1960s  1970s
          1939 1940 1941 - 1942 - 1943 1944 1945
          
          Year 1942 (MCMXLII
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzolern, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 17 to August 2, 1945. The participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Harry S. Truman (May 8 1884 – December 26 1972) was the thirty-third President of the United States (1945–1953); as vice president, he succeeded to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. During World War I he served as an artillery officer.
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Council of Foreign Ministers was an organisation agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference in 1945 and announced in the Potsdam Agreement.
          
          The Potsdam Agreement specified that the Council would be composed of the Foreign Ministers of the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Poland:
          39 divisions,^[1]
          16 brigades,^[1]
          4,300 guns,^[1]
          880 tanks,
          400 aircraft^[2]
          Total: 950,000^[3] Germany:
          56 divisions,
          4 brigades,
          9,000 guns,^[2]
          2,500 tanks,
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Motto
          none¹
          Anthem
          Mazurek Dąbrowskiego   (Polish)
          Dąbrowski's Mazurek
          ..... Click the link for more information.
          Eastern (Byzantine) Catholic Church, the new Liturgical Year (Indiction) also begins.
        • Church of England - Saint Giles.
        • Cameroon - Jour d'Union Nationale Camerounaise.
        • Libya - Revolution Day (1969).
        • New Zealand - National R.A.K.
          ..... Click the link for more information.